National Trends in Statin Use in Lithuania from 2010 to 2021
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Kuijpers, P.M.J.C. History in medicine: The story of cholesterol, lipids and cardiology. e-J. Cardiol. Pract. 2021, 19, 1–5. Available online: https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-19/history-in-medicine-the-story-of-cholesterol-lipids-and-cardiology (accessed on 10 December 2022).
- Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994, 344, 1383–1389. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vallejo-Vaz, A.J.; Robertson, M.; Catapano, A.L.; Watts, G.; Kastelein, J.J.; Packard, C.J.; Ford, I.; Ray, K.K. Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Lowering for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Among Men with Primary Elevations of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels of 190 mg/dL or Above: Analyses from the WOSCOPS (West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study) 5-Year Randomized Trial and 20-Year Observational Follow-Up. Circulation 2017, 136, 1878–1891. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Hobbs, F.D.R.; Banach, M.; Mikhailidis, D.P.; Malhotra, A.; Capewell, S. Is statin-modified reduction in lipids the most important preventive therapy for cardiovascular disease? A pro/con debate. BMC Med. 2016, 14, 4. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Vancheri, F.; Backlund, L.; Strender, L.-E.; Godman, B.; Wettermark, B. Time trends in statin utilisation and coronary mortality in Western European countries. BMJ Open 2016, 6, e010500. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Naci, H.; Brugts, J.J.; Fleurence, R.; Tsoi, B.; Toor, H.; Ades, A.E. Comparative benefits of statins in the primary and secondary prevention of major coronary events and all-cause mortality: A network meta-analysis of placebo-controlled and active-comparator trials. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol. 2013, 20, 641–657. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Navarese, E.P.; Robinson, J.G.; Kowalewski, M.; Kołodziejczak, M.; Andreotti, F.; Bliden, K.; Tantry, U.; Kubica, J.; Raggi, P.; Gurbel, P.A. Association Between Baseline LDL-C Level and Total and Cardiovascular Mortality after LDL-C Lowering: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA 2018, 319, 1566–1579. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Niculescu, R.; Russu, E.; Arbănași, E.M.; Kaller, R.; Arbănași, E.M.; Melinte, R.M.; Coșarcă, C.M.; Cocuz, I.G.; Sabău, A.H.; Tinca, A.C.; et al. Carotid Plaque Features and Inflammatory Biomarkers as Predictors of Restenosis and Mortality Following Carotid Endarterectomy. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 13934. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nowak, M.M.; Niemczyk, M.; Florczyk, M.; Kurzyna, M.; Pączek, L. Effect of Statins on All-Cause Mortality in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Propensity Score-Matched Studies. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 5643. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wood, D.; De Backer, G.; Faergeman, O.; Graham, I.; Mancia, G.; Pyörälä, K. Prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice: Recommendations of the Second Joint Task Force of European and other Societies on Coronary Prevention. Atherosclerosis 1998, 140, 199–270. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mortensen, M.B.; Nordestgaard, B.G. 2019 vs 2016 ESC/EAS statin guidelines for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Eur. Heart J. 2020, 41, 3005–3015. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Visseren, F.L.J.; Mach, F.; Smulders, Y.M.; Carballo, D.; Koskinas, K.C.; Bäck, M.; Benetos, A.; Biffi, A.; Boavida, J.-M.; Capodanno, D.; et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur. Heart J. 2021, 42, 3227–3337. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Blais, J.E.; Wei, Y.; Yap, K.K.; Alwafi, H.; Ma, T.-T.; Brauer, R.; Lau, W.C.; Man, K.K.; Siu, C.W.; Tan, K.C.; et al. Trends in lipid-modifying agent use in 83 countries. Atherosclerosis 2021, 328, 44–51. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Laucevičius, A.; Kasiulevičius, V.; Jatužis, D.; Žaneta, P.; Ryliškytė, L.; Rinkūnienė, E.; Badarienė, J.; Ypienė, A.; Gustienė, O.; Šlapikas, R. Lithuanian High Cardiovascular Risk (LitHiR) primary prevention programme—Rationale and design. Semin. Cardiovasc. Med. 2012, 18, 3. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, Guidelines for ATC Classification and DDD Assignment 2022. Oslo, Norway. 2021. Available online: https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index_and_guidelines/guidelines/ (accessed on 10 December 2022).
- Lambert, M. ACC/AHA Release Updated Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce ASCVD Risk. AFP 2014, 90, 260–264. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Mortensen, M.B.; Falk, E.; Schmidt, M. Twenty-Year Nationwide Trends in Statin Utilization and Expenditure in Denmark. Circ Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes 2017, 10, e003811. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Reinau, D.; Schur, N.; Twerenbold, S.; Blozik, E.; Früh, M.; Signorell, A.; Schwenkglenks, M.; Meier, C.R. Utilisation patterns and costs of lipid-lowering drugs in Switzerland 2013-2019. Swiss Med. Wkly. 2021, 151, w30018. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lin, S.-Y.; Baumann, K.; Zhou, C.; Zhou, W.; Cuellar, A.E.; Xue, H. Trends in Use and Expenditures for Brand-name Statins After Introduction of Generic Statins in the, U.S.; 2002-2018. JAMA Netw. Open 2021, 4, e2135371. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hsieh, H.-C.; Hsu, J.C.; Lu, C.Y. 10-year trends in statin utilization in Taiwan: A retrospective study using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. BMJ Open 2017, 7, e014150. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- OECD. OECD Health Statistics (Database). 2022. Available online: https://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/health-data.htm (accessed on 10 December 2022).
- Sommerschild, H.T.; Berg, C.L.; Blix, H.S.; Dansie L., S.; Litleskare, I.; Olsen, k.; Sharikabad M., N.; Amberger, M.; Torheim, S.; Granum, T. Drug Consumption in Norway 2016–2020 Data from Norwegian Drug Wholesales Statistics and the Norwegian Prescription Database 2021. Available online: https://www.fhi.no/en/publ/2021/drug-consumption-in-norway-2016-2020/ (accessed on 10 December 2022).
- Ray, K.K.; Molemans, B.; Schoonen, W.M.; Giovas, P.; Bray, S.; Kiru, G.; Murphy, J.; Banach, M.; De Servi, S.; Gaita, D.; et al. EU-Wide Cross-Sectional Observational Study of Lipid-Modifying Therapy Use in Secondary and Primary Care: The DA VINCI study. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol. 2021, 28, 1279–1289. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- De Backer, G.; Jankowski, P.; Kotseva, K.; Mirrakhimov, E.; Reiner, Ž.; Rydén, L.; Tokgözoğlu, L.; Wood, D.; De Bacquer, D.; EUROASPIRE V collaborators; et al. Management of dyslipidaemia in patients with coronary heart disease: Results from the ESC-EORP EUROASPIRE V survey in 27 countries. Atherosclerosis 2019, 285, 135–146. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Stock, J.K. DA VINCI study: Change in approach to cholesterol management will be needed to reduce the implementation gap between guidelines and clinical practice in Europe. Atherosclerosis 2020, 314, 74–76. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Minard, L.V.; Corkum, A.; Sketris, I.; Fisher, J.; Zhang, Y.; Saleh, A. Trends in Statin Use in Seniors 1999 to 2013, Time Series Analysis. PLoS ONE 2016, 11, e0158608. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Zhang, L.; Zhang, S.; Yu, Y.; Jiang, H.; Ge, J. Efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin vs. atorvastatin in lowering LDL cholesterol: A meta-analysis of trials with East Asian populations. Herz 2020, 45, 594–602. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Baumgartner, A.; Drame, K.; Geutjens, S.; Airaksinen, M. Does the Polypill Improve Patient Adherence Compared to Its Individual Formulations? A Systematic Review. Pharmaceutics 2020, 12, 190. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Holbrook, A.M.; Wang, M.; Lee, M.; Chen, Z.; Garcia, M.; Nguyen, L.; Ford, A.; Manji, S.; Law, M.R. Cost-related medication nonadherence in Canada: A systematic review of prevalence, predictors, and clinical impact. Syst. Rev. 2021, 10, 11. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Reiner, Z.; Catapano, A.L.; De Backer, G.; Graham, I.; Taskinen, M.R.; Wiklund, O.; Agewall, S.; Alegria, E.; Chapman, M.J.; Durrington, P.N.; et al. ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: The Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Eur. Heart J. 2011, 32, 1769–1818. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Stone, N.J.; Robinson, J.G.; Lichtenstein, A.H.; Merz, C.N.B.; Blum, C.B.; Eckel, R.H.; Goldberg, A.C.; Gordon, D.; Levy, D.; Lloyd-Jones, D.M.; et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2014, 63, 2889–2934. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- 33rtiainen, E. The North Karelia Project: Cardiovascular disease prevention in Finland. Glob. Cardiol. Sci. Pract. 2018, 2018, 13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Garrofé, B.C.; Björnberg, A.; Phang, A.; Trojcakova, I. Euro Heart Index 2016 Report. Health Consumer Powerhouse Ltd., 2016. Available online: https://healthpowerhouse.com/publications/ (accessed on 10 December 2022).
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Makarevičius, G.; Rinkūnienė, E.; Badarienė, J. National Trends in Statin Use in Lithuania from 2010 to 2021. Medicina 2023, 59, 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010037
Makarevičius G, Rinkūnienė E, Badarienė J. National Trends in Statin Use in Lithuania from 2010 to 2021. Medicina. 2023; 59(1):37. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010037
Chicago/Turabian StyleMakarevičius, Gytis, Egidija Rinkūnienė, and Jolita Badarienė. 2023. "National Trends in Statin Use in Lithuania from 2010 to 2021" Medicina 59, no. 1: 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010037