Cardiorespiratory Fitness Cut-Points are Related to Body Adiposity Parameters in Latin American Adolescents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Sample and Design
2.2. Body Adiposity Parameters
2.3. Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF)
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. General Characteristics
3.2. Cardiorespiratory Fitness Cut-Points Related to Body Adiposity Parameters
3.3. Relationship between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Fat Parameters
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Full Sample (n = 72,505) | Boys (n = 38,044) | Girls (n = 34,461) | p Value (Cohen d) for Sex |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 14.02 (14.02−14.03) | 14.05 (14.04−14.05) | 14.00 (13.99−14.01) | <0.0001 (0.068) |
Weight (kg) | 56.01 (55.93−56.08) | 57.24 (57.14−57.35) | 54.64 (54.54−54.74) | <0.0001 (0.254) |
Height (cm) | 160.73 (160.67−160.78) | 164.33 (164.25−164.40) | 156.75 (156.69−156.81) | <0.0001 (1.123) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 21.65 (21.63−21.68) | 21.14 (21.10−21.17) | 22.22 (22.18−22.25) | <0.0001 (0.309) |
BMI z-score | 0.64 (0.63−0.64) | 0.57 (0.56−0.58) | 0.70 (0.69−0.71) | <0.0001 (0.127) |
Obesity (≥+2SD) a | 6945 (9.6) | 3852 (5.3) | 3093 (4.3) | <0.0001 (N.A) |
Waist circumference (cm) | 71.12 (71.06−71.18) | 72.11 (72.03−72.20) | 70.03 (69.94−70.12) | <0.0001 (0.248) |
Obesity (WC >75th percentile for age and sex) b | 8088 (11.2) | 4489 (6.2) | 3599 (5.0) | <0.0001 (N.A) |
Waist-to-height ratio | 0.44 (0.44−0.44) | 0.44 (0.44−0.44) | 0.45 (0.45−0.45) | <0.0001 (0.150) |
Obesity (waist-to-height ratio ≥ 0.50) c | 10,897 (15.1) | 5164 (7.1) | 5733 (7.9) | <0.0001 (N.A) |
BMI and waist circumference a | 4971 (6.9) | 2877 (4.0) | 2094 (2.9) | <0.0001 (N.A) |
BMI and waist-to-height ratio a | 5528 (7.7) | 3024 (4.2) | 2504 (3.5) | <0.0001 (N.A) |
Stage (n) | 15.48 (15.36−15.61) | 19.07 (18.86−19.28) | 11.50 (11.37−11.62) | <0.0001 (N.A) |
VO2peak (mL·kg−1·min−1)—Léger et al. [22] | 42.47 (42.42−42.52) | 45.83 (45.77−45.89) | 38.76 (38.70−38.81) | <0.0001 (1.284) |
Age/Sex | AUC (95% CI) | Cut-Points, mL·kg−1·min−1 and (METs) | Sensitivity (%) (95% CI) | Specificity (%) (95% CI) | LR (+) (95% CI) | LR (−) (95% CI) | PPV (%) (95% CI) | NPV (%) (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Obesity by WC >75th percentile for age and sex | ||||||||
13 years old | ||||||||
Boys (n = 8069) | 0.71 (0.70–0.72) | 44.83 (12.81) | 64.72 (62.3–67.0) | 68.85 (67.7–70.0) | 2.08 (2.0–2.2) | 0.51 (0.5–0.5) | 34.5 (32.8–36.2) | 88.5 (87.6–89.4) |
Girls (n = 8008) | 0.64 (0.63–0.65) | 38.53 (11.01) | 69.68 (67.1–72.1) | 53.63 (52.4–54.8) | 1.50 (1.4–1.6) | 0.57 (0.5–0.6) | 23.0 (21.7–24.4) | 89.9 (88.9–90.8) |
14 years old | ||||||||
Boys (n = 20069) | 0.71 (0.70–0.72) | 42.13 (12.04) | 63.54 (61.5–65.5) | 69.58 (68.9–70.3) | 2.09 (2.0–2.2) | 0.52 (0.5–0.6) | 20.8 (19.8–21.8) | 93.8 (93.4–94.2) |
Girls (n = 18358) | 0.64 (0.63–0.65) | 36.74 (10.50) | 71.27 (69.2–73.3) | 51.78 (51.0–52.6) | 1.48 (1.4–1.5) | 0.55 (0.5–0.6) | 14.3 (13.6–15.0) | 94.1 (93.6–94.6) |
15 years old | ||||||||
Boys (n = 9830) | 0.69 (0.68–0.70) | 40.50 (11.57) | 63.59 (59.7–67.4) | 68.68 (67.7–69.6) | 2.03 (1.9–2.2) | 0.53 (0.5–0.6) | 12.0 (10.9–13.2) | 96.6 (96.1–97.0) |
Girls (n = 7986) | 0.68 (0.66–0.69) | 34.95 (9.99) | 79.08 (74.8–82.9) | 45.22 (44.1–46.3) | 1.44 (1.4–1.5) | 0.46 (0.4–0.6) | 7.2 (6.5–8.0) | 97.6 (97.0–98.0) |
13−15 years old | ||||||||
Boys (n = 37968) | 0.69 (0.68–0.69) | 43.77 (12.51) | 65.63 (64.2–67.0) | 64.70 (64.2–65.2) | 1.86 (1.8–1.9) | 0.53 (0.5–0.6) | 20.0 (19.3–20.6) | 93.4 93.0–93.7) |
Girls (n = 34367) | 0.60 (0.59–0.60) | 38.53 (11.01) | 72.60 (71.1–74.1) | 45.37 (44.8–45.9) | 1.33 (1.3–1.4) | 0.60 (0.6–0.6) | 13.5 (13.0–13.9) | 93.4 93.0–93.8) |
Obesity by WHtR (≥0.50) | ||||||||
13 years old | ||||||||
Boys (n = 8057) | 0.74 (0.73–0.75) | 44.83 (12.81) | 68.32 (65.9–70.7) | 69.09 (68.0–70.2) | 2.21 (2.1–2.3) | 0.46 (0.4–0.5) | 33.8 (32.1–35.5) | 90.4 (89.6–91.2) |
Girls (n = 8003) | 0.63 (0.62–0.64) | 38.53 (11.01) | 68.57 (66.2–70.9) | 54.13 (52.9–55.4) | 1.49 (1.4–1.6) | 0.58 (0.5–0.6) | 26.3 (25.0–27.7) | 87.8 (86.8–88.8) |
14 years old | ||||||||
Boys (n = 20056) | 0.71 (0.70–0.72) | 42.13 (12.04) | 62.43 (60.6–64.2) | 70.36 (69.7–71.0) | 2.11 (2.0–2.2) | 0.53 (0.5–0.6) | 25.1 (24.0–26.1) | 92.2 (91.7–92.6) |
Girls (n = 18347) | 0.63 (0.63–0.64) | 36.74 (10.50) | 69.34 (67.7–71.0) | 53.22 (52.4–54.0) | 1.48 (1.4–1.5) | 0.58 (0.5–0.6) | 22.9 (22.1–23.8) | 89.7 (89.0–90.3) |
15 years old | ||||||||
Boys (n = 9829) | 0.69 (0.68–0.70) | 40.50 (11.57) | 61.33 (58.1–64.5) | 69.48 (68.5–70.4) | 2.01 (1.9–2.1) | 0.56 (0.5–0.6) | 16.9 (15.7–18.3) | 94.7 (94.1–95.2) |
Girls (n = 7997) | 0.64 (0.63–0.65) | 34.95 (9.99) | 75.24 (72.6–77.7) | 47.12 (45.9–48.3) | 1.42 (1.4–1.5) | 0.53 (0.5–0.6) | 18.9 (17.8–20.1) | 92.1 (91.1–92.9) |
13−15 years old | ||||||||
Boys (n = 37942) | 0.70 (0.70–0.71) | 43.77 (12.51) | 66.19 (64.9–67.5) | 65.40 (64.9–65.9) | 1.91 (1.9–2.0) | 0.52 (0.5–0.5) | 23.2 (22.5–23.8) | 92.5 (92.1–92.8) |
Girls (n = 34347) | 0.62 (0.61–0.62) | 38.53 (11.01) | 63.99 (61.7–64.2) | 57.22 (56.6–57.8) | 1.47 (1.4–1.5) | 0.65 (0.6–0.7) | 22.8 (22.1–23.4) | 88.5 (88.1–89.0) |
Boys | Girls | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
13 Years Old | 14 Years Old | 15 Years Old | 13−15 Years Old | 13 Years Old | 14 Years Old | 15 Years Old | 13−15 Years Old | |
WC (cm) | −0.332 * | −0.240 * | −0.179 * | −0.224 * | −0.174 * | −0.182 * | −0.193 * | −0.161 * |
WHtR | −0.298 * | −0.202 * | −0.155 * | −0.203 * | −0.176 * | −0.171 * | −0.180 * | −0.154 * |
Boys | Girls | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Crude Analysis (OR (95% CI) | Adjusted Analysis (OR (95% CI) † | Crude Analysis (OR (95% CI) | Adjusted Analysis (OR (95% CI) † | |
Obesity by WC >75th percentile for age and sex | ||||
Low cardiorespiratory fitness | ||||
Sex-age-specific cut-points | 4.18 (3.92−4.46) * | 4.29 (4.01−4.59) * | 2.73 (2.54−2.93) * | 2.62 (2.44−2.82) * |
Sex-specific cut-points | 2.88 (2.70−3.07) * | 4.53 (4.23−4.85) * | 1.71 (1.59−1.83) * | 2.73 (2.52−2.94) * |
Obesity by WHtR (≥0.50) | ||||
Low cardiorespiratory fitness | ||||
Sex-age-specific cut-points | 4.13 (3.89−4.39) * | 4.58 (4.30−4.89) * | 2.50 (2.36−2.66) * | 2.43 (2.28−2.58) * |
Sex-specific cut-points | 3.24 (3.05−3.44) * | 4.78 (4.48−5.10) * | 2.05 (1.93−2.17) * | 2.65 (2.49−2.83) * |
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Prieto-Benavides, D.H.; García-Hermoso, A.; Izquierdo, M.; Alonso-Martínez, A.M.; Agostinis-Sobrinho, C.; Correa-Bautista, J.E.; Ramírez-Vélez, R. Cardiorespiratory Fitness Cut-Points are Related to Body Adiposity Parameters in Latin American Adolescents. Medicina 2019, 55, 508. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55090508
Prieto-Benavides DH, García-Hermoso A, Izquierdo M, Alonso-Martínez AM, Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Correa-Bautista JE, Ramírez-Vélez R. Cardiorespiratory Fitness Cut-Points are Related to Body Adiposity Parameters in Latin American Adolescents. Medicina. 2019; 55(9):508. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55090508
Chicago/Turabian StylePrieto-Benavides, Daniel Humberto, Antonio García-Hermoso, Mikel Izquierdo, Alicia María Alonso-Martínez, César Agostinis-Sobrinho, Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista, and Robinson Ramírez-Vélez. 2019. "Cardiorespiratory Fitness Cut-Points are Related to Body Adiposity Parameters in Latin American Adolescents" Medicina 55, no. 9: 508. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55090508