Mortality Related to Cold Temperatures in Two Capitals of the Baltics: Tallinn and Riga
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Min | 2.5th Percentile | 5th Percentile | Median | Mean | SD * | 95th Percentile | Max | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tallinn | −29.4 | −18.3 | −15.7 | −2.6 | −4.0 | 6.1 | 4.3 | 9.6 |
Riga | −24.4 | −16.5 | −14.3 | −0.4 | −2.1 | 6.1 | 6 | 8.8 |
Cause of Mortality or Age Group | Average Size of Population during the Years | Number of Deaths or People in Age Group during the Whole Study Period | Annual Winter Mortality Rate (per 1000 Inhabitants) | Daily Number of Deaths | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD * | Median | Min | Max | ||||
Tallinn | ||||||||
Total | 402,250 | 36,645 | 4.8 | 12.8 | 4.1 | 12 | 2 | 29 |
Cardiovascular | 18,941 | 2.5 | 6.6 | 2.7 | 6 | 0 | 20 | |
Respiratory | 1180 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 5 | |
External | 3096 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1 | 0 | 8 | |
0–74 | 18,320 | 2.6 | 6.4 | 2.7 | 6 | 0 | 19 | |
75+ | 18,325 | 45.7 | 6.4 | 2.9 | 6 | 0 | 24 | |
Riga | ||||||||
Total | 656,877 | 27,495 | 6.0 | 26.0 | 5.5 | 26 | 10 | 79 |
Cardiovascular | 15,090 | 3.3 | 14.3 | 3.9 | 14 | 3 | 28 | |
Respiratory | 800 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1 | 0 | 7 | |
External | 1673 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | 54 | |
0–74 | 13,332 | 3.2 | 12.6 | 3.9 | 12 | 3 | 65 | |
75+ | 14,163 | 35.1 | 13.4 | 3.8 | 13 | 3 | 26 |
Tallinn | Riga | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Cause of Mortality or Age Group | RR * (95% CI) | MMT (°C) | RR (95% CI) | MMT (°C) |
Total | 1.28 (1.01–1.62) | 4.0 | 1.41 (1.11–1.79) | 4.4 |
Cardiovascular | 1.83 (1.31–2.55) | 4.3 | 1.13 (0.86–1.49) | −0.9 |
Respiratory | 2.50 (0.79–7.86) | 3.3 | 1.37 (0.74–2.54) | −11.5 |
External causes | 1.38 (0.63–3.02) | −1.0 | 1.96 (0.77–4.96) | 3.2 |
0–74 | 1.08 (0.79–1.47) | 2.7 | 1.58 (1.12–2.22) | 4.5 |
75+ | 1.64 (1.17–2.31) | 4.3 | 1.25 (0.90–1.73) | 4.3 |
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Åström, D.O.; Veber, T.; Martinsone, Ž.; Kaļužnaja, D.; Indermitte, E.; Oudin, A.; Orru, H. Mortality Related to Cold Temperatures in Two Capitals of the Baltics: Tallinn and Riga. Medicina 2019, 55, 429. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55080429
Åström DO, Veber T, Martinsone Ž, Kaļužnaja D, Indermitte E, Oudin A, Orru H. Mortality Related to Cold Temperatures in Two Capitals of the Baltics: Tallinn and Riga. Medicina. 2019; 55(8):429. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55080429
Chicago/Turabian StyleÅström, Daniel Oudin, Triin Veber, Žanna Martinsone, Darja Kaļužnaja, Ene Indermitte, Anna Oudin, and Hans Orru. 2019. "Mortality Related to Cold Temperatures in Two Capitals of the Baltics: Tallinn and Riga" Medicina 55, no. 8: 429. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55080429