The Spectrum of Small Intestinal Lesions in Patients with Unexplained Iron Deficiency Anemia Detected by Video Capsule Endoscopy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Planning of the Study
2.2. Video Capsule Endoscopy Procedure
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patients
3.2. Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy Findings
3.3. Univariate and Multivariate Analyses
3.3.1. Presence or Absence of Lesions
3.3.2. Severity of Lesions
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Age, Years (Mean ± Standard Deviation) | 63.4 ± 18.9 |
Female/male sex ratio | 53/56 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL), mean ± standard deviation | 10.1 ± 1.2 |
NSAIDs, n (%) | 31 (28.4) |
NSAIDs assumption for at least 2 weeks, n (%) | 14 (12.8) |
Aspirin, n (%) | 25 (22.9) |
Oral anticoagulants, n (%) | 18 (16.5) |
Probiotics, n (%) | 14 (12.8) |
Antibiotics, n (%) | 13 (11.9) |
PPI, n (%) | 42 (38.5) |
PPI assumption, n (%) <2 weeks 2 weeks–3 months >3 months | 7 (6.4) 21 (19.3) 14 (12.8) |
NSAIDs + Oral anticoagulants, n (%) | 2 (1.8) |
NSAIDs + Oral anticoagulants + PPI, n (%) | 3 (2.7) |
NSAIDs + PPI, n (%) | 6 (5.5) |
NSAIDs + aspirin + PPI, n (%) | 2 (1.8) |
Weight loss, n (%) | 45 (41.3) |
Occlusive symptoms, n (%) | 2 (1.8) |
Diabetes, n (%) | 28 (25.7) |
Hypertension, n (%) | 43 (39.4) |
Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 16 (14.7) |
Obesity, n (%) | 6 (5.5) |
Arthrosis/arthritis, n (%) | 5 (4.6) |
Association of Lesions Detected at VCE | Number of Patients |
---|---|
Strictures + mucosal breaks | 5 |
Petechiae + mucosal breaks | 2 |
Petechiae + hemorrhagic areas | 2 |
Petechiae + angiodysplasiae | 2 |
Angiodysplasiae + hemorrhagic areas | 1 |
Neoplasms + hemorrhagic areas | 1 |
Petechiae + mucosal breaks + denuded areas | 1 |
Presence of Lesions at VCE (n = 80) | Absence of Lesions at VCE (n = 29) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (mean ± standard deviation) | 65 ± 17.7 | 59.0 ± 21.5 | 0.14 |
Small bowel transit time (hours, mean ± standard deviation) | 6.2 ± 2.9 | 5.2 ± 2.1 | 0.049 |
Female sex, n (%) | 38 (47.5) | 15 (51.7) | 0.83 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL), mean ± standard deviation | 9.9 ± 1.3 | 10.1 ± 1.3 | 0.42 |
NSAIDs, n (%) | 25 (31.2) | 6 (20.7) | 0.34 |
NSAIDs assumption for at least 2 weeks, n (%) | 14 (17.5) | 0 (0) | 0.01 |
Aspirin, n (%) | 18 (22.5) | 7 (24.1) | 0.52 |
Oral anticoagulants, n (%) | 16 (20) | 2 (6.9) | 0.10 |
Probiotics, n (%) | 10 (12.5) | 4 (13.8) | 0.86 |
Antibiotics, n (%) | 11 (13.8) | 2 (6.9) | 0.33 |
PPI, n (%) | 30 (37.5) | 12 (41.4) | 0.71 |
PPI assumption, n (%) <2 weeks 2 weeks–3 months >3 months | 4 (5) 15 (18.8) 11 (13.8) | 3 (10.3) 6 (20.6) 3 (10.3) | 0.74 |
NSAIDs + Oral anticoagulants, n (%) | 2 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 0.39 |
NSAIDs + Oral anticoagulants + PPI, n (%) | 3 (3.8) | 0 (0) | 0.29 |
NSAIDs + PPI, n (%) | 6 (7.5) | 0 (0) | 0.13 |
NSAIDs + aspirin + PPI, n (%) | 2 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 0.39 |
Manifest bleeding, n (%) | 30 (37.5) | 11 (37.9) | 0.96 |
Occlusive symptoms, n (%) | 2 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 0.39 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 22 (27.5) | 6 (20.7) | 0.47 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 32 (40) | 11 (37.9) | 0.84 |
Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 12 (15) | 4 (13.8) | 0.87 |
Obesity, n (%) | 6 (7.5) | 0(0) | 0.13 |
Arthrosis/arthritis, n (%) | 3 (3.8) | 2 (6.9) | 0.49 |
Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% Confidence Interval) | p Value | OR (95% Confidence Interval) | p Value | |
Small bowel transit time | 1.13 (1.02–1.31) | 0.049 | 0.86 (0.72–1.03) | 0.09 |
NSAID assumption for at least 2 weeks | 12.86 (0.74–223.1) | 0.01 | 2.15 (0.44–10.50) | 0.34 |
Oral anticoagulants | 3.38 (0.73–15.70) | 0.10 | 2.50 (0.46–4.56) | 0.36 |
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Contaldo, A.; Losurdo, G.; Albano, F.; Iannone, A.; Barone, M.; Ierardi, E.; Di Leo, A.; Principi, M. The Spectrum of Small Intestinal Lesions in Patients with Unexplained Iron Deficiency Anemia Detected by Video Capsule Endoscopy. Medicina 2019, 55, 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55030059
Contaldo A, Losurdo G, Albano F, Iannone A, Barone M, Ierardi E, Di Leo A, Principi M. The Spectrum of Small Intestinal Lesions in Patients with Unexplained Iron Deficiency Anemia Detected by Video Capsule Endoscopy. Medicina. 2019; 55(3):59. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55030059
Chicago/Turabian StyleContaldo, Antonella, Giuseppe Losurdo, Francesca Albano, Andrea Iannone, Michele Barone, Enzo Ierardi, Alfredo Di Leo, and Mariabeatrice Principi. 2019. "The Spectrum of Small Intestinal Lesions in Patients with Unexplained Iron Deficiency Anemia Detected by Video Capsule Endoscopy" Medicina 55, no. 3: 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55030059
APA StyleContaldo, A., Losurdo, G., Albano, F., Iannone, A., Barone, M., Ierardi, E., Di Leo, A., & Principi, M. (2019). The Spectrum of Small Intestinal Lesions in Patients with Unexplained Iron Deficiency Anemia Detected by Video Capsule Endoscopy. Medicina, 55(3), 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55030059