Observational Study of Antibiotic Usage at the Children’s Clinical University Hospital in Riga, Latvia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Setting
2.3. Participants
2.4. Data Collection
2.5. Intervention
2.6. Main Outcome Measure
2.7. Data Analysis
2.8. Quality Indicators
2.9. Ethics
3. Results
3.1. Point Prevalence Surveys’ Results
3.2. Defined Daily Dosage Method’s Results
Antibiotic Groups Used during the Study Period
3.3. Antibiotic Consumption 90%DU Analysis
4. Discussion
Strength and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | May | May | May | November | November | November |
Patients | N (%) (95% CI) | N (%) (95% CI) | N (%) (95% CI) | N (%) (95% CI) | N (%) (95% CI) | N (%) (95% CI) |
Total number | 418 | 395 | 335 | 424 | 358 | 320 |
Male | 230 (55) (50–60) | 215 (54) (50–59) | 178 (53) (48–58) | 225 (53) (48–58) | 196 (55) (50–60) | 159 (50) (44–55) |
Female | 188 (45) (40–50) | 180 (46) (41–51) | 157 (47) (42–52) | 199 (47) (42–52) | 162 (45) (40–51) | 161 (50) (45–56) |
Patients on antibiotics | 125 (30) (26–34) | 128 (32) (28–37) | 88 (26) (22–31) | 159 (38) (33–42) | 130 (36) (31–41) | 111 (35) (30–40) |
Gender: | ||||||
Male | 63 (50) (42–59) | 59 (46) (38–55) | 47 (53) (43–64) | 90 (57) (49–63) | 74 (57) (48–65) | 57 (51) (42–61) |
Female | 62 (50) (41–58) | 69 (54) (45–63) | 41 (47) (36–57) | 69 (43) (36–51) | 56 (43) (35–52) | 54 (49) (39–58) |
Age groups: | ||||||
0–<1 month | 20 (16) | 10 (8) | 10 (11) | 19 (12) | 12 (9) | 19 (17) |
≥1 month–<1 year | 14 (11) | 27 (21) | 13 (15) | 24 (15) | 21 (16) | 20 (18) |
≥1–<5 years | 52 (42) | 33 (26) | 32 (36) | 54 (34) | 36 (28) | 24 (22) |
≥5–<12 years | 27 (22) | 29 (3) | 14 (16) | 33 (21) | 35 (27) | 27 (24) |
≥12–<18 years | 12 (10) | 29 (23) | 19 (20) | 29 (19) | 26 (20) | 21 (19) |
How many antibiotics received one patient: | ||||||
1 antibiotic | 108 (86) | 102 (79) | 69 (79) | 141 (88) | 102 (79) | 95 (85) |
2 antibiotics | 17 (14) | 23 (18) | 15 (17) | 8 (5) | 23 (18) | 12 (11) |
3 antibiotics | 0 | 2 (2) | 3 (3) | 6 (4) | 2 (1) | 2 (2) |
4 antibiotics | 0 | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 4 (3) | 3 (2) | 1 (1) |
5 antibiotics | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (1) |
Year | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | May | May | May | November | November | November |
Antibiotics (prescriptions): | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) |
Total N of prescriptions | 142 | 157 | 106 | 192 | 162 | 132 |
Aminoglycosides (J01G) | 11 (8) | 15 (10) | 9 (9) | 11 (6) | 13 (8) | 12 (9) |
β-lactam AB, penicillins (J01C) | 51 (35.9) | 46 (29.3) | 32 (30.2) | 65 (34) | 49 (30) | 23 (17) |
Macrolides and lincosamides (J01F) | 8 (6) | 6 (4) | 6 (6) | 12 (6.3) | 12 (7.4) | 9 (6.8) |
Other β-lactam AB (J01D) | 46 (32) | 66 (42) | 42 (40) | 63 (33) | 67 (41) | 54 41) |
Quinolones (J01M) | 1 (1) | 3 (2) | 2 (2) | 0 | 0 | 5 (4) |
Other AB (J01X) | 7 (5) | 10 (6) | 7 (7) | 17 (9) | 9 (6) | 10 (8) |
Sulfonamides and trimethoprim (J01E) | 18 (13) | 11 (7) | 8 (8) | 24 (13) | 12 (7) | 19 (14) |
Six most often used antibiotics: | ||||||
Ampicillin | 25 (18) | 10 (6) | 9 (8) | 17 (9) | 5 (3) | 6 (5) |
Ceftriaxone | 12 (8) | 13 (8) | 16 (15) | 19 (10) | 25 (15) | 23 (17) |
Amoxicillin | 11 (8) | 19 (12) | 8 (8) | 22 (11) | 21 913) | 7 (5) |
Cefuroxime | 9 (6) | 22 (14) | 9 (8) | 12 (6) | 18 (11) | 15 (14) |
Sulfamethoxazole & trimethoprim | 18 (13) | 11 (7) | 8 (8) | 24 (13) | 12 (7) | 15 (14) |
Penicillin G | 14 (10) | 11 (7) | 11 (10) | 19 (10) | 17 (10) | 8 (6) |
Route of administration: | ||||||
Intravenous | 108 (76) | 135 (86) | 91 (86) | 146 (76) | 131 (81) | 100 (76) |
Oral | 34 (24) | 22 (14) | 15 (14) | 46 (24) | 31 (19) | 32 (24) |
Year | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2017 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DDD/100 BD: | |||||||||||
Aminoglycosides (J01G) | 3.9 | 4.0 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
β-lactam AB, penicillins (J01C) | 23.0 | 24.2 | 19.7 | 20.4 | 22.0 | 22.0 | 19.8 | 19.7 | 14.2 | 18.7 | 21.2 |
Macrolides and lincosamides (J01F) | 1.3 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 2.6 | 8.1 | 4.9 |
Other β-lactam AB (J01D) | 6.8 | 10.3 | 9.2 | 8.3 | 9.4 | 11.2 | 12.2 | 16.4 | 16.7 | 15.7 | 16.8 |
Quinolones (J01M) | 0.7 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.0 |
Tetracyclines (J01A) | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
Other AB (J01X) | 1.9 | 2.7 | 1.1 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 4.3 | 5.2 |
Sulfonamides and trimethoprim (J01E) | 1.6 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 3.2 | 2.4 | 2.7 |
DDD/100 inpatients: | |||||||||||
Aminoglycosides (J01G) | 22 | 22 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 16 | 13 | 15 | 18 | 12 | 11 |
β-lactam AB, penicillins (J01C) | 131 | 136 | 112 | 107 | 111 | 90 | 88 | 82 | 74 | 57 | 104 |
Macrolides and lincosamides (J01F) | 7 | 12 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 15 | 15 | 13 | 16 | 24 |
Other β-lactam AB (J01D) | 39 | 58 | 52 | 43 | 47 | 53 | 54 | 69 | 85 | 83 | 82 |
Quinolones (J01M) | 4 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 9 | 3 | 4 | 10 | 7 | 5 |
Tetracyclines (J01A) | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0.3 | 1 |
Other AB (J01X) | 11 | 15 | 6 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 15 | 17 | 18 | 22 | 25 |
Sulfonamides and trimethoprim (J01E) | 9 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 17 | 12 | 13 |
Year | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2017 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DDD/100 BD: | |||||||||||
Amoxicillin | 4.9 | 6.5 | 5.3 | 8.8 | 11.5 | 13.5 | 13.0 | 11.3 | 7.7 | 10.8 | 9.8 |
Ampicillin | 8.1 | 8.6 | 6.4 | 4.0 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 3.7 |
Penicillin G | 5.2 | 4.3 | 3.8 | 2.5 | 3.6 | 2.7 | 1.9 | 2.7 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
Ceftriaxone | 1.3 | 3.9 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.9 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 6.7 | 7.4 | 6.7 | 4.0 |
DDD/100 inpatients: | |||||||||||
Amoxicillin | 27.8 | 36.5 | 29.8 | 46.2 | 57.9 | 64.7 | 56.2 | 47.1 | 40.2 | 56.8 | 47.9 |
Ampicillin | 46.0 | 48.0 | 36.3 | 21.2 | 13.1 | 11.7 | 12.1 | 11.3 | 11.1 | 14.0 | 17.9 |
Penicillin G | 30.0 | 25.8 | 21.7 | 13.3 | 18.0 | 13.0 | 8.3 | 11.2 | 7.3 | 6.5 | 3.5 |
Ceftriaxone | 7.4 | 21.8 | 17.3 | 16.7 | 19.5 | 24.1 | 22.7 | 28.1 | 38.2 | 35.1 | 19.3 |
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Sviestina, I.; Mozgis, D. Observational Study of Antibiotic Usage at the Children’s Clinical University Hospital in Riga, Latvia. Medicina 2018, 54, 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina54050074
Sviestina I, Mozgis D. Observational Study of Antibiotic Usage at the Children’s Clinical University Hospital in Riga, Latvia. Medicina. 2018; 54(5):74. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina54050074
Chicago/Turabian StyleSviestina, Inese, and Dzintars Mozgis. 2018. "Observational Study of Antibiotic Usage at the Children’s Clinical University Hospital in Riga, Latvia" Medicina 54, no. 5: 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina54050074