Dasiphora parvifolia: Pharmacognostic Standardization and Antimicrobial Potential

Background/Objectives: Dasiphora parvifolia, a little-studied Central Asian shrub, lacks standardized pharmacognostic data. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize its above-ground organs, establish diagnostic criteria, comparatively evaluate extraction methods, profile phytochemicals, and evaluate antimicrobial activity. Methods: Morphological, morphometric, and anatomical analyses were performed using light microscopy (ANOVA, p ≤ 0.05). Physicochemical parameters were determined gravimetrically. Percolation and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) were compared using varying ethanol concentrations, ratios, and maceration times. Phenolics were identified by HPLC-UV and confirmed by ESI-MS. Results: Diagnostic features included leaflet size (6.91 × 1.14 mm), stem length (17.39 cm), and flower diameter (6.92 mm). Microscopy revealed anomocytic stomata and multicellular trichomes (120 µm). Quality parameters (moisture 2.61%, total ash 5.55%, extractives 42.36%). UAE with 70% ethanol (1:20, 24 h pre-maceration) gave 7.53% total phenolics in the dry extract and 7.68% for percolation, corresponding to 20.81 and 28.72 mg/g of raw material, respectively. Among the analyzed extracts, the highest concentrations were detected for gallic acid (3.61%), chlorogenic acid (2.94%), cynaroside (2.28%), and hyperoside (1.82%). Total polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, β-carotene, and α-tocopherol were 3.70%, 1.36%, 2.67%, 330.08 mg/kg, and 138.0 mg%, respectively. DPPE70 showed the highest activity against P. aeruginosa (17.0 mm), whereas DPUE70-24 showed the highest activity against S. aureus (22.0 mm). Conclusions: D. parvifolia can be considered a relevant source of phenolic compounds. The high levels of gallic and chlorogenic acids, together with hyperoside and cynaroside, indicate a substantial phenolic profile and may contribute to the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts.