Bisphosphonate-Conjugated Sitafloxacin for Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Infection Associated with Cortical Bone Screws: Case Series in Sheep Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Animal Welfare
2.2. Sheep One
2.3. Sheep Two
2.4. Sheep Three
2.5. Sheep Four—HBCS 4 mg/kg—9 Administrations
2.6. Transmission Electron Microscopy
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Overview
4.2. Animals, Ethical Approval, Preoperative Animal Care, Anesthesia, and Analgesia
4.3. Screw Inoculation
4.4. Surgical Protocol
4.5. Antibiotic Treatment
4.6. HBCS Administration
4.7. In Vivo Analysis and Euthanasia
4.8. Sample Harvest, Ex Vivo Radiology, Quantitative Bacteriology, and Histology
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
HBCS | Hydroxybisphosphonate conjugated sitafloxacin |
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Vanvelk, N.; Tapia-Dean, J.; Zeiter, S.; de Mesy Bentley, K.; Xie, C.; Ebetino, F.H.; Sun, S.; Neighbors, J.; Schwarz, E.M.; Moriarty, T.F. Bisphosphonate-Conjugated Sitafloxacin for Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Infection Associated with Cortical Bone Screws: Case Series in Sheep Model. Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18, 675. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18050675
Vanvelk N, Tapia-Dean J, Zeiter S, de Mesy Bentley K, Xie C, Ebetino FH, Sun S, Neighbors J, Schwarz EM, Moriarty TF. Bisphosphonate-Conjugated Sitafloxacin for Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Infection Associated with Cortical Bone Screws: Case Series in Sheep Model. Pharmaceuticals. 2025; 18(5):675. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18050675
Chicago/Turabian StyleVanvelk, Niels, James Tapia-Dean, Stephan Zeiter, Karen de Mesy Bentley, Chao Xie, Frank Hal Ebetino, Shuting Sun, Jeffrey Neighbors, Edward M. Schwarz, and Thomas Fintan Moriarty. 2025. "Bisphosphonate-Conjugated Sitafloxacin for Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Infection Associated with Cortical Bone Screws: Case Series in Sheep Model" Pharmaceuticals 18, no. 5: 675. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18050675
APA StyleVanvelk, N., Tapia-Dean, J., Zeiter, S., de Mesy Bentley, K., Xie, C., Ebetino, F. H., Sun, S., Neighbors, J., Schwarz, E. M., & Moriarty, T. F. (2025). Bisphosphonate-Conjugated Sitafloxacin for Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Infection Associated with Cortical Bone Screws: Case Series in Sheep Model. Pharmaceuticals, 18(5), 675. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18050675