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Article

Two Novel Cloud-Masking Algorithms Tested in a Tropical Forest Setting Using High-Resolution NICFI-Planet Basemaps

by
K. M. Ashraful Islam
1,2,*,
Shahriar Abir
2 and
Robert Kennedy
1
1
College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
2
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Chattogram 4349, Bangladesh
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2025, 25(24), 7559; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25247559
Submission received: 3 October 2025 / Revised: 5 December 2025 / Accepted: 8 December 2025 / Published: 12 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensors)

Abstract

High-resolution NICFI-Planet image collection on Google Earth Engine (GEE) promises fine-scale tropical forest monitoring, but persistent cloud covers, shadows, and haze undermine its value. Here, we present two simple, fully reproducible cloud-masking algorithms. We introduce (A) a Blue and Near-Infrared threshold and (B) a Sentinel-2-derived statistical thresholding approach that sets per-band cutoffs. Both are implemented end-to-end in GEE for operational use. The algorithms were first developed, tuned, and evaluated in the Sundarbans (Bangladesh) using strongly contrasting dry- and monsoon-season scenes. To assess their broader utility, we additionally tested them in two independent deltaic mangrove systems, namely, the Bidyadhari Delta in West Bengal, India, and the Ayeyarwady Delta in Myanmar. Across all sites, Algorithm B consistently removes the largest share of cloud and bright-water pixels but tends to over-mask haze and low-contrast features. Algorithm A retains more usable pixels; however, its aggressiveness is region-dependent. It appears more conservative in the Sundarbans but noticeably more over-inclusive in the India and Myanmar scenes. A Random Forest classifier provided map offers a useful reference but the model is dependent on the quantity and quality of labeled samples. The novelty of the algorithms lies in their design specifically for NICFI-Planet basemaps and their ability to operate without labeled samples. Because they rely on simple, fully shareable GEE code, they can be readily applied in regions in a consistent manner. These two algorithms offer a pragmatic operational pathway: apply them as a first-pass filter keeping in mind that its behavior may vary across environments.
Keywords: NICFI-Planet; cloud; high resolution; Google Earth Engine (GEE); mangrove; remote sensing NICFI-Planet; cloud; high resolution; Google Earth Engine (GEE); mangrove; remote sensing

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Islam, K.M.A.; Abir, S.; Kennedy, R. Two Novel Cloud-Masking Algorithms Tested in a Tropical Forest Setting Using High-Resolution NICFI-Planet Basemaps. Sensors 2025, 25, 7559. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25247559

AMA Style

Islam KMA, Abir S, Kennedy R. Two Novel Cloud-Masking Algorithms Tested in a Tropical Forest Setting Using High-Resolution NICFI-Planet Basemaps. Sensors. 2025; 25(24):7559. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25247559

Chicago/Turabian Style

Islam, K. M. Ashraful, Shahriar Abir, and Robert Kennedy. 2025. "Two Novel Cloud-Masking Algorithms Tested in a Tropical Forest Setting Using High-Resolution NICFI-Planet Basemaps" Sensors 25, no. 24: 7559. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25247559

APA Style

Islam, K. M. A., Abir, S., & Kennedy, R. (2025). Two Novel Cloud-Masking Algorithms Tested in a Tropical Forest Setting Using High-Resolution NICFI-Planet Basemaps. Sensors, 25(24), 7559. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25247559

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