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Sensors
Volume 25
Issue 22
10.3390/s25226827
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

A Hybrid Low-Complexity WMMSE Precoder with Adaptive Damping for Massive Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple- Output Systems

by
Vaskar Sen
,
Honggui Deng
*,
Xiaowen Xu
and
Menghui Shen
School of Electronic Information, Central South University, Changsha 410004, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2025, 25(22), 6827; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25226827 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 13 October 2025 / Revised: 4 November 2025 / Accepted: 5 November 2025 / Published: 7 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Massive MIMO Antenna Arrays, Metasurfaces and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Sensing, Localization, and Wireless Communications: 2nd Edition)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Maximizing the weighted sum-rate (WSR) in downlink multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems remains computationally challenging due to the prohibitive complexity of classical weighted minimum mean square error (WMMSE) algorithms. In this article, we propose a novel low-complexity WMMSE (LC-WMMSE) precoding method specifically designed for massive MU-MIMO downlink systems. Our algorithm introduces a hybrid switching approach that adaptively blends standard WMMSE updates with computationally simpler approximations derived via the Woodbury matrix identity, coupled with an adaptive damping mechanism to ensure robust and stable convergence. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed LC-WMMSE method achieves WSR performance comparable to classical WMMSE but with significantly reduced computational complexity, making it particularly suitable for practical implementation for massive MU-MIMO systems.
Keywords: low-complexity precoding; weighted minimum mean square error (WMMSE); massive MU-MIMO; adaptive damping; hybrid switching low-complexity precoding; weighted minimum mean square error (WMMSE); massive MU-MIMO; adaptive damping; hybrid switching

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Sen, V.; Deng, H.; Xu, X.; Shen, M. A Hybrid Low-Complexity WMMSE Precoder with Adaptive Damping for Massive Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple- Output Systems. Sensors 2025, 25, 6827. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25226827

AMA Style

Sen V, Deng H, Xu X, Shen M. A Hybrid Low-Complexity WMMSE Precoder with Adaptive Damping for Massive Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple- Output Systems. Sensors. 2025; 25(22):6827. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25226827

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sen, Vaskar, Honggui Deng, Xiaowen Xu, and Menghui Shen. 2025. "A Hybrid Low-Complexity WMMSE Precoder with Adaptive Damping for Massive Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple- Output Systems" Sensors 25, no. 22: 6827. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25226827

APA Style

Sen, V., Deng, H., Xu, X., & Shen, M. (2025). A Hybrid Low-Complexity WMMSE Precoder with Adaptive Damping for Massive Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple- Output Systems. Sensors, 25(22), 6827. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25226827

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