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Article

An Anti-Interference Demultiplexing Method for Electromagnetic Bessel Beams Carrying Orbital Angular Momentum

by
Congwei Mi
1,*,
Xiuqiong Huang
1,
Wensheng Qiao
1 and
Yanming Zhang
2
1
National Key Laboratory of Complex Aviation System Simulation, Southwest China Institute of Electronic Technology, Chengdu 610036, China
2
Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2025, 25(21), 6706; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25216706
Submission received: 24 September 2025 / Revised: 22 October 2025 / Accepted: 29 October 2025 / Published: 2 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Communications)
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Abstract

This work presents a simple yet effective anti-interference demultiplexing method for electromagnetic Bessel beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), based on smoothed dynamic mode decomposition (smoothed DMD). The method combines conventional dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) with a moving average pre-processing step to enhance its noise resilience. By modeling the azimuthally sampled field as a spatial–temporal signal, smoothed DMD enables accurate extraction of OAM topological charges even under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. Numerical results demonstrate its superior anti-interference performance compared to standard DMD. Moreover, the proposed approach is applicable to scenarios with partial aperture detection and does not rely on the orthogonality of OAM modes, making it particularly suitable for real-world, imperfect conditions. This method offers a robust solution for OAM beam analysis in next-generation wireless communication and sensing applications.
Keywords: electromagnetic bessel beams; orbital angular momentum; smoothed dynamic mode decomposition; anti-interference signal processing; partial aperture detection electromagnetic bessel beams; orbital angular momentum; smoothed dynamic mode decomposition; anti-interference signal processing; partial aperture detection

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mi, C.; Huang, X.; Qiao, W.; Zhang, Y. An Anti-Interference Demultiplexing Method for Electromagnetic Bessel Beams Carrying Orbital Angular Momentum. Sensors 2025, 25, 6706. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25216706

AMA Style

Mi C, Huang X, Qiao W, Zhang Y. An Anti-Interference Demultiplexing Method for Electromagnetic Bessel Beams Carrying Orbital Angular Momentum. Sensors. 2025; 25(21):6706. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25216706

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mi, Congwei, Xiuqiong Huang, Wensheng Qiao, and Yanming Zhang. 2025. "An Anti-Interference Demultiplexing Method for Electromagnetic Bessel Beams Carrying Orbital Angular Momentum" Sensors 25, no. 21: 6706. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25216706

APA Style

Mi, C., Huang, X., Qiao, W., & Zhang, Y. (2025). An Anti-Interference Demultiplexing Method for Electromagnetic Bessel Beams Carrying Orbital Angular Momentum. Sensors, 25(21), 6706. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25216706

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