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Review

A Review of Miniature Radio Transmitters for Wildlife Tracking

The Blavatnik School of Computer Science and AI, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
Sensors 2025, 25(2), 517; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25020517
Submission received: 10 December 2024 / Revised: 14 January 2025 / Accepted: 15 January 2025 / Published: 17 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Sensor Systems for Positioning and Navigation)

Abstract

This article surveys the literature on miniature radio transmitters designed to track free-ranging wild animals using emitter-localization techniques. The articles covers the topics of power sources used in such transmitters, including miniature batteries and energy harvesting, techniques for generating the transmitted radio-frequency carrier, techniques for creating short radio pulses and more general on–off schedules, modulation in modern wildlife-tracking transmitters, construction, manufacturing, and tuning techniques, and recent trends in this area. The article also describes the recreation of the first successful wildlife-tracking transmitter, a nontrivial invention that had a profound impact on wildlife ecology, and explores its behavior.
Keywords: wildlife tracking; transmitter localization; miniature transmitters; radio transmitters; tracking tags wildlife tracking; transmitter localization; miniature transmitters; radio transmitters; tracking tags

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Toledo, S. A Review of Miniature Radio Transmitters for Wildlife Tracking. Sensors 2025, 25, 517. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25020517

AMA Style

Toledo S. A Review of Miniature Radio Transmitters for Wildlife Tracking. Sensors. 2025; 25(2):517. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25020517

Chicago/Turabian Style

Toledo, Sivan. 2025. "A Review of Miniature Radio Transmitters for Wildlife Tracking" Sensors 25, no. 2: 517. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25020517

APA Style

Toledo, S. (2025). A Review of Miniature Radio Transmitters for Wildlife Tracking. Sensors, 25(2), 517. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25020517

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