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Article

Simulation Model for Hardware-in-the-Loop Tests of the ILR-33 AMBER Rocket Control System

by
Dawid Cieśliński
,
Rafał Dziczkaniec
,
Jan Kierski
,
Cezary Szczepański
and
Michał Welcer
*
Łukasiewicz Research Network–Institute of Aviation, Aleja Krakowska 110/114, 02-256 Warsaw, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2025, 25(13), 4083; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25134083
Submission received: 21 May 2025 / Revised: 25 June 2025 / Accepted: 27 June 2025 / Published: 30 June 2025

Abstract

In this paper, an advanced flight simulation model of the ILR-33 AMBER rocket is shown. The model is designed for Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) tests of the rocket control system. It permits us to simulate flight dynamics in a 6DOF environment, with consideration of the variable thrust, mass-inertia, and aerodynamics. It reproduces key functionalities of on-board computer and sensors and allows us to reproduce multiple mission scenarios. Simplifying assumptions concerning the environment and coordinate systems were made, reducing calculation costs while preserving key functionalities of the simulation. The control system consists of four movable canards, actuators, and motion controllers. The process of integration between the simulation model and hardware using a real-time computer is shown. Efficient communication between those elements was developed and tested in simulated flight conditions. In the final part, relevant control system HiL tests were presented. An extensive comparison between unguided and guided flight trajectories was performed. The impact of the control system operation on all analyzed parameters is clearly demonstrated. The results confirmed the usefulness of the simulation model for the task it was developed for. The potential of the HiL method in the design of complex control systems for suborbital rockets is proven.
Keywords: suborbital rocket; Hardware-in-the-Loop; control system; flight dynamics; real-time; simulation; aerodynamics suborbital rocket; Hardware-in-the-Loop; control system; flight dynamics; real-time; simulation; aerodynamics

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Cieśliński, D.; Dziczkaniec, R.; Kierski, J.; Szczepański, C.; Welcer, M. Simulation Model for Hardware-in-the-Loop Tests of the ILR-33 AMBER Rocket Control System. Sensors 2025, 25, 4083. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25134083

AMA Style

Cieśliński D, Dziczkaniec R, Kierski J, Szczepański C, Welcer M. Simulation Model for Hardware-in-the-Loop Tests of the ILR-33 AMBER Rocket Control System. Sensors. 2025; 25(13):4083. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25134083

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cieśliński, Dawid, Rafał Dziczkaniec, Jan Kierski, Cezary Szczepański, and Michał Welcer. 2025. "Simulation Model for Hardware-in-the-Loop Tests of the ILR-33 AMBER Rocket Control System" Sensors 25, no. 13: 4083. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25134083

APA Style

Cieśliński, D., Dziczkaniec, R., Kierski, J., Szczepański, C., & Welcer, M. (2025). Simulation Model for Hardware-in-the-Loop Tests of the ILR-33 AMBER Rocket Control System. Sensors, 25(13), 4083. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25134083

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