UWB Circular Fractal Antenna with High Gain for Telecommunication Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Antenna Design
2.1. A. Planar Fractal Antenna Planned Development Stages
2.2. B. The Reflection Coefficient (S11) Analysis for Various Development Stages
3. Parametric Study
3.1. Effect of Feed Line Width “Wp”
3.2. Effect of Ground Plane Slot Position “Pos”
3.3. Effect of Ground Plane Slot Width “Ep”
3.4. Surface Current Distribution
4. Results and Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | L | W | Rp | Ep | Z | R1 | R2 | R3 | Lp | Wp | K |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Values (mm) | 40 | 24.5 | 12.25 | 0.5 | 4 | 12 | 4.5 | 1.68 | 13.08 | 2.75 | 2 |
Bandwidth [GHz] | Covered Commercial Bands |
---|---|
[2.70–11.0] | ; ; ; ITU assigned all C band transmit frequency , and receive frequency , around the world, and ITU assigned amateur radio and amateur satellite applications in the X band. |
Ref No | Electrical Size | Subs Type | Band Operational (GHz) | Resonant Frequency (GHz) | Peak Gain (dB) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
[10] | 0.189 λ × 0.189 λ | FR4 | [2.37–3.78], [5.15–5.85] | 2.65, 3.45, 5.65 | 1.62 to 3.1 1.74 to 3.78 |
[19] | 110 × 120 (3.66) | Rogers RO4350B | [3.00–10.00] | 3.00, 6.00 | 6.00 |
[21] | 75 × 63 (3.2) | Rogers RO4232 | [3.10–10.6] | 2.4, 3.2 | 3.50 |
[29] | 0.22 × 0.22 | FR4 | [2.3–2.6], [3.3–3.7] | 2.46, 3.5 | 2.61, 2.7 |
[30] | 0.2 λ × 0.13 λ | FR4 | [2.24–2.5], [3.6–3.99], [4.4–4.6], [5.71–5.9] | 2.43, 3.83, 4.48, 5.8 | 2.2, 2.8, 3.3, 4.2 |
[32] | 0.28 λ × 0.14 λ | FR4 | [2.2–3.4], [3.34–4.52] | Not specified | 2.2 to 2.4 |
[33] | 0.22 λ × 0.22 λ | FR4 | [4.80–5.99] | 5.5 | 2.5 |
[34] | 0.148 λ × 0.161 λ | FR4 | [4.65–6.72] | 5.2 | Not specified |
[35] | 0.176 λ × 0.176 λ | FR4 | [3.48–5.86] | 5.1 | Not specified |
This work | 0.171 λ × 0.104 λ | FR4 | [2.70–11.0] | 3.17, 5.82, 7.86, 9.16 | 1.7 to 6.25 |
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Nejdi, I.H.; Bri, S.; Marzouk, M.; Ahmad, S.; Rhazi, Y.; Ait Lafkih, M.; Sheikh, Y.A.; Ghaffar, A.; Hussein, M. UWB Circular Fractal Antenna with High Gain for Telecommunication Applications. Sensors 2023, 23, 4172. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23084172
Nejdi IH, Bri S, Marzouk M, Ahmad S, Rhazi Y, Ait Lafkih M, Sheikh YA, Ghaffar A, Hussein M. UWB Circular Fractal Antenna with High Gain for Telecommunication Applications. Sensors. 2023; 23(8):4172. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23084172
Chicago/Turabian StyleNejdi, Ibrahime Hassan, Seddik Bri, Mohamed Marzouk, Sarosh Ahmad, Youssef Rhazi, Mustapha Ait Lafkih, Yawar Ali Sheikh, Adnan Ghaffar, and Mousa Hussein. 2023. "UWB Circular Fractal Antenna with High Gain for Telecommunication Applications" Sensors 23, no. 8: 4172. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23084172