Application of Graph Convolutional Neural Networks Combined with Single-Model Decision-Making Fusion Neural Networks in Structural Damage Recognition
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- A graph neural network is introduced to show how the positional relationships of the sensors are fed into the network structure, and it is verified that the GCN model has an advantage over the 1D-CNN model in terms of recognition accuracy due to its ability to mine the spatial structure of the sensors;
- Based on building a high-performance deep learning model, this paper considers incorporating data fusion techniques at the model decision layer to further improve the accuracy and robustness of the model;
- Based on the frame structure model and the self-designed cable-stayed bridge test model of two structures, experimental validation is carried out, which proves that the method has a certain generalization ability and can mine the spatial characteristics of the structure, correctly identify the structural damage, and has a certain improvement in the performance relative to a single GCN.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. GCN Module
2.2. MLP Module
2.3. Decision Level Data Fusion
3. Introduction to the Test
3.1. Verification of Nodal Damage Identification in Steel Frame Structures
3.1.1. Qatar University Grandstand Simulator Basics
3.1.2. Model Parameters and Recognition Effectiveness
3.1.3. Noise Resistance
3.2. Introduction to the Laboratory Cable-Stayed Bridge Test Model
- (1)
- Tension sensor measurement point arrangement: Due to the limited number of tension sensors, the demand for arranging tension sensors for each cable-stayed cable is not met. Therefore, through analysis, in order to achieve the purpose of regulating the rope force and controlling the overall state of the cable-stayed bridge, all the tension sensors are embedded in all the cable-stayed cables of the two sectors on the west side, arranged in sparse intervals. In addition, tension sensors are arranged on the east side of the cable-stayed cables to check the numerical values of the tension sensors on the west side with those on the east side. Numerical calibration, to a great extent, is used to monitor the overall state of the bridge rope force. Figure 10 shows the arrangement scheme of tension sensors on the sector tension cables on both sides of the center axis of the main beam, where a total of 38 tension sensors are arranged.
- (2)
- Arrangement of micrometer measurement points: The arrangement of the micrometer is mainly used to monitor the deflection displacement of the key cross-section of the main girder. According to the parameters of the overall arrangement of the bridge model and finite element calculation and analysis, the selection is shown in Figure 11. At the same time, the displacement control of the key cross-section of the micrometer is coordinated with the horizontal filament positioning method, which is used for the zero displacement control of the main girder when the cable-stayed bridge is in a reasonable bridge condition.
- (3)
- Acceleration sensor measurement point arrangement: When arranging the acceleration sensor, it is necessary to consider the sensitivity of the measurement point location for the structural modal changes. Combined with other structural analysis experience, the sensors will try to be arranged in the peak vibration position. The establishment of the cable-stayed bridge model of the finite element model involves modal analysis and the extraction of the model of the first ten orders of vertical vibration pattern. The sensors are placed at the peak vibration position. In the main girder unit we select the measurement point to set up a total of 14 acceleration sensors, as shown in Figure 12.
3.3. Design of Main Beam Damage Conditions
Analysis and Discussion of Main Beam Damage Identification Results
3.4. Design of Damage Conditions of the Cable
Analysis and Discussion of Cable Damage Identification Results
4. Conclusions and Outlook
- We demonstrated that the GCN model has certain advantages through the framework model case, and at the same time, can further improve the recognition accuracy when combined with the decision-level data fusion technology. The GCN reaches 93.03% accuracy, which exceeds the 1D-CNN model with data compression, and after combining it with the S_DFNN model, the model’s recognition accuracy reaches 99.57%, which is a substantial improvement;
- The main girder damage identification and stayed cable relaxation damage identification for the cable-stayed bridge model revealed that the GCN model is more sensitive to the structural change of location, and that the spatial characteristics between the sensor arrays can be mined, but there is room for improvement in identification performance and accuracy. After integrating the S_DFNN model, the accuracy of main girder damage recognition for cable-stayed bridges was improved by 11.44%;
- For the damage identification of the diagonal cable, the combination of decision-level data fusion technology and a deep learning model approach optimizes the identification accuracy of a single model to a certain extent and improves the identification accuracy of the structure by 21.81% to 99.69%, which can achieve the goal of accurately determining the damage to the diagonal cable.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Specific Values |
---|---|
First GCN layer | 512 |
Second GCN layer | 512 |
Third GCN layer | 512 |
Dropout value | 0.3 |
Training Optimizer | Adam |
Flah et al. [20] | 1D-CNN | 30 | All nodes | 86% |
Azimi et al. [21] | Compressed data + 1D-CNN | 30 | All nodes | 91.9% |
Truong et al. [22] | 1D-CNN + GRU | 1 | One joint | 91.31% |
Contrast model | GCN | 30 | All nodes | 93.03% |
Contrast model | LSTM | 12 | All nodes | 93.37% |
Proposed model | S_DFNN (GCN) | 30 | All nodes | 99.57% |
SNR (dB) | LSTM | GCN | S_DFNN (GCN) |
---|---|---|---|
80 | 0.93193 | 0.93095 | 0.99899 |
60 | 0.93151 | 0.93128 | 0.99899 |
40 | 0.93036 | 0.92960 | 0.99899 |
20 | 0.67137 | 0.82191 | 0.97757 |
15 | 0.31664 | 0.56939 | 0.80267 |
10 | 0.10607 | 0.24530 | 0.38684 |
5 | 0.04881 | 0.09224 | 0.14037 |
Damage Condition | Description of Damage Status |
---|---|
Condition 0 (non-destructive) | Structural baseline condition |
Working condition 1 | Replacement of unit D0 of the main beam with a type A damage unit |
Condition 2 | Replacement of unit D10 of the main beam with a type B damage unit |
Condition 3 | Replacement of unit D0 of the main beam with a type A damage unit Replacement of unit D10 of the main beam with a type B damage unit |
Parameter | Specific Values |
---|---|
First GCN layer | 500 |
Second GCN layer | 500 |
Third GCN layer | 500 |
Dropout value | 0.3 |
Training Optimizer | Adam |
Model | Damage Unit Number | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-Destructive | D0 | D10 | D0 + D10 | ||
GCN | 96.75% | 88.75% | 89.50% | 79.25% | 88.56% |
S_DFNN (GCN) | 99.99% | 99.91% | 99.97% | 99.99% | 99.97% |
Damage Lasso Number | Description of Damage Status |
---|---|
non-destructive | structural baseline condition |
LB1_W | No. LB1_W Slope cable slack 3 mm |
LB9_W | No. LB9_W Slope cable slack 3 mm |
LB1_W + LB9_W | No. LB1_W Slope cable slack 3 mm No. LB9_W Slope cable slack 3 mm |
Mold | Damage Lasso Number | (Grand) Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-Destructive | LB1_W | LB9_W | LB1_W + LB9_W | ||
GCN | 85.25% | 77.75% | 83.75% | 64.75% | 77.88 |
S_DFNN (GCN) | 99.98% | 99.99% | 99.77% | 98.75% | 99.62% |
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Li, X.; Xu, L.; Guo, H.; Yang, L. Application of Graph Convolutional Neural Networks Combined with Single-Model Decision-Making Fusion Neural Networks in Structural Damage Recognition. Sensors 2023, 23, 9327. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239327
Li X, Xu L, Guo H, Yang L. Application of Graph Convolutional Neural Networks Combined with Single-Model Decision-Making Fusion Neural Networks in Structural Damage Recognition. Sensors. 2023; 23(23):9327. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239327
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Xiaofei, Langxing Xu, Hainan Guo, and Lu Yang. 2023. "Application of Graph Convolutional Neural Networks Combined with Single-Model Decision-Making Fusion Neural Networks in Structural Damage Recognition" Sensors 23, no. 23: 9327. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239327