Accurate Active and Reactive Power Sharing Based on a Modified Droop Control Method for Islanded Microgrids
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Review of the Conventional Droop Control Method
2.1. Outer Droop Control Loop
2.2. Inner Voltage Regulation Loop
3. Proposed SACS-Injection-Based Modified Droop Method for Power Sharing
3.1. Motivated by the Secondary Control Strategy through PI Controller for Power Sharing
3.2. SACS-Injection-Based Modified Droop Control Method for Power Sharing
3.3. Overall Control Block Diagram
4. Parameter Design and Stability Analysis
4.1. Design of the SACS Frequency and Amplitude
4.2. Design of the Gain Gq
4.3. Design of the Droop Coefficienst kp, kq and kssq
4.4. Stability Analysis
5. Simulation and Experimental Results
5.1. Simulation Results
5.2. Experimental Verification
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
, | The local output voltage and current |
, | The output active and reactive power of the inverter |
, | The reference active and reactive power |
, | The synthetic reference frequency and voltage amplitude |
, | The nominal frequency and voltage amplitude respectively |
, | The droop coefficients for the inverter-based DGs operated in the islanded mode. |
, | The droop coefficients corresponding to the nth DG unit (n = 1, 2, ..., N) |
, | The nominal active and reactive power of each DG |
, | The output voltage of the DG and PCC voltage amplitude |
, | The feeder reactance and resistance |
The power angle difference between the DG and PCC voltages | |
, | The transfer functions of the voltage-loop controller and the current-loop controller |
, | The proportional gains |
The fundamental or harmonic resonant gain term | |
The cutoff frequency of the resonant controllers | |
The resonant frequency | |
The reference reactive power | |
, | The proportion and integration gains |
The reactive power of the injected SACS | |
The amplifier gain, which is used for amplifying the reactive power of the SACS | |
, | The reference frequency and the nominal frequency of the injected SACS |
The SACS droop coefficient for reactive power sharing | |
The frequency difference of the injected SACSs for the two DG units | |
, | The injected SACS frequency of each DG unit |
The phase difference of the injected SACS of each DG | |
, | The local signals of output current and filter capacitor voltage for each DG unit |
, | The fundamental current and SACS current |
The SACS reactive power | |
, | The output fundamental voltage and current components |
, | Based on the αβ frame |
, | The voltage and current components of the injected SACS |
, | Based on αβ frame |
Extra reference voltage generated by the injected SACSs | |
The fundamental reference voltage | |
The overall reference voltage | |
, | The gain and cutoff frequency of the SACS resonant controller |
The amplified gain | |
, , | The droop coefficients |
, , | the output fundamental voltage amplitude, reactive power and injected SACS reactive power of each DG unit, respectively, i = 1, 2 |
The difference in the reactive power of the injected SACSs | |
The total of load power of the reactive power of the injected SACSs | |
, | The reference voltage and the nominal voltage amplitude of the and injected SACSs, respectively |
The value of the virtual resistance | |
, | The SACS voltage and line impedance, respectively, i = 1, 2 |
The phase angle difference of the injected SACSs for the two DG units | |
, | The maximum output active and reactive power of each DG unit |
, | The maximum allowable deviations in the frequency and voltage amplitudes |
The droop parameters of the injected SACSs | |
The cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter |
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Reference | Communication or Communication-Less Control Method | Computational Algorithm Burden | Accurate Active Power Sharing | Accurate Reactive Power Sharing |
---|---|---|---|---|
[12] | Communication | Medium | Yes | Yes |
[13] | Communication | Medium | Yes | Yes |
[14] | Communication | Medium | Yes | Yes |
[15] | Communication | High | Yes | Yes |
[16] | Communication | Low | Yes | Yes |
[17] | Communication | High | Yes | Not considered |
[18] | Communication | High | Yes | Yes |
[19] | Communication-less | low | Yes | No |
[20] | Communication-less | High | Yes | Yes |
[21] | Communication-less | Medium | Yes | No |
[22] | Communication-less | Medium | Yes | No |
[23] | Communication-less | High | Yes | No |
[24] | Communication-less | High | Yes | No |
[25] | Communication-less | High | Yes | No |
[26] | Communication-less | Medium | Yes | No |
[27] | Communication-less | Medium | Yes | No |
Proposed | Communication-less | Low | Yes | Yes |
Parameters | Value | |
---|---|---|
Simulation | Experiment | |
Switching frequency fs | 20 kHz | 20 kHz |
Fundamental frequency f | 50 Hz | 50 Hz |
DC link voltage Udc | 800 V | 400 V |
Fundamental voltage amplitude | 311 V | 155.5 V |
Output filter inductance Lf | 1 mH | 1 mH |
Output filter capacitance Cf | 150 uF | 150 uF |
Feeder impedance of DG1(mH + Ω) | 4 + 0.3 | 4 + 0.3 |
Feeder impedance of DG2(mH + Ω) | 3.5 + 0.2 | 3.5 + 0.2 |
Feeder impedance of DG3(mH + Ω) | 3 + 0.1 | - |
P-ω droop coeffificient kp | 1.15 × 10−4 | 1 × 10−3 |
Q-E droop coeffificient kq | 1 × 10−3 | 1.5 × 10−3 |
SACS voltage amplitude Ess0 | 2.5 | 1.25 |
SACS frequency ωss | 200 Hz | 200 Hz |
SACS droop coeffificient ksq | 2 × 10−3 | 8 × 10−3 |
Gain Gq | 12 | 15 |
Low pass fifilters ωcp | 31 | 31 |
Virtual resistor Rv (Ω) | 8 | 5 |
Load R1 (mH + Ω) | 10 + 15 | 18 + 13.8 |
Load R2 (mH + Ω) | 0 + 15 | 5 + 13.8 |
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Zhang, Z.; Gao, S.; Zhong, C.; Zhang, Z. Accurate Active and Reactive Power Sharing Based on a Modified Droop Control Method for Islanded Microgrids. Sensors 2023, 23, 6269. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146269
Zhang Z, Gao S, Zhong C, Zhang Z. Accurate Active and Reactive Power Sharing Based on a Modified Droop Control Method for Islanded Microgrids. Sensors. 2023; 23(14):6269. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146269
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Zhi, Sheng Gao, Caomao Zhong, and Zhaoyun Zhang. 2023. "Accurate Active and Reactive Power Sharing Based on a Modified Droop Control Method for Islanded Microgrids" Sensors 23, no. 14: 6269. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146269
APA StyleZhang, Z., Gao, S., Zhong, C., & Zhang, Z. (2023). Accurate Active and Reactive Power Sharing Based on a Modified Droop Control Method for Islanded Microgrids. Sensors, 23(14), 6269. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146269