Detection of E. coli Bacteria in Milk by an Acoustic Wave Aptasensor with an Anti-Fouling Coating

Spagnolo, Sandro; De La Franier, Brian; Davoudian, Katharina; Hianik, Tibor; Thompson, Michael

doi:10.3390/s22051853

Open AccessArticle

Detection of E. coli Bacteria in Milk by an Acoustic Wave Aptasensor with an Anti-Fouling Coating

by

Sandro Spagnolo

¹,

Brian De La Franier

²,

Katharina Davoudian

²,

Tibor Hianik

¹

and

Michael Thompson

^2,*

¹

Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Information, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia

²

Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Sensors 2022, 22(5), 1853; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051853

Submission received: 18 January 2022 / Revised: 22 February 2022 / Accepted: 23 February 2022 / Published: 26 February 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Developments in Chemosensors and Probes)

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Abstract

Milk is a significant foodstuff around the world, being produced and consumed in large quantities. The safe consumption of milk requires that the liquid has an acceptably low level of microbial contamination and has not been subjected to spoiling. Bacterial safety limits in milk vary by country but are typically in the thousands per mL of sample. To rapidly determine if samples contain an unsafe level of bacteria, an aptamer-based sensor specific to Escherichia coli bacteria was developed. The sensor is based on an ultra-high frequency electromagnetic piezoelectric acoustic sensor device (EMPAS), with the aptamer being covalently bound to the sensor surface by the anti-fouling linker, MEG-Cl. The sensor is capable of the selective measurement of E. coli in PBS and in cow’s milk samples down to limits of detection of 35 and 8 CFU/mL, respectively, which is well below the safe limits for commercial milk products. This sensing system shows great promise for the milk industry for the purpose of rapid verification of product safety.

Keywords: E. coli; biosensor; anti-fouling; MEG-Cl; aptamer; acoustic wave sensor; milk

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MDPI and ACS Style

Spagnolo, S.; De La Franier, B.; Davoudian, K.; Hianik, T.; Thompson, M. Detection of E. coli Bacteria in Milk by an Acoustic Wave Aptasensor with an Anti-Fouling Coating. Sensors 2022, 22, 1853. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051853

AMA Style

Spagnolo S, De La Franier B, Davoudian K, Hianik T, Thompson M. Detection of E. coli Bacteria in Milk by an Acoustic Wave Aptasensor with an Anti-Fouling Coating. Sensors. 2022; 22(5):1853. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051853

Chicago/Turabian Style

Spagnolo, Sandro, Brian De La Franier, Katharina Davoudian, Tibor Hianik, and Michael Thompson. 2022. "Detection of E. coli Bacteria in Milk by an Acoustic Wave Aptasensor with an Anti-Fouling Coating" Sensors 22, no. 5: 1853. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051853

APA Style

Spagnolo, S., De La Franier, B., Davoudian, K., Hianik, T., & Thompson, M. (2022). Detection of E. coli Bacteria in Milk by an Acoustic Wave Aptasensor with an Anti-Fouling Coating. Sensors, 22(5), 1853. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051853

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Detection of E. coli Bacteria in Milk by an Acoustic Wave Aptasensor with an Anti-Fouling Coating

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