Enhancing Channel Contention Efficiency in IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Networks
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- We propose the scheme of enhancing channel contention efficiency (ECCE), aiming to improve throughput and reduce delay through maximizing the CCE, which is defined as the number of successful gaining the channels per unit of backoff period;
- We developed a novel Markov chain to model the CSMA-CA, which yielded the following statistics: the expected number of failures in gaining the channel per packet, the expected number of backoff periods and the expected number of backoffs that a node experiences for transmitting a packet. These statistics were used to calculate the CCE. In addition, we formulated an optimization problem that maximized the CCE with respect to the aforementioned three key parameters in the CSMA-CA mechanism. The solution to the optimization problem leads to the optimal values of the parameters, which are applied in the proposed ECCE scheme;
- The simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperformed the CSMA-CA mechanism in terms of CCE, throughput and delay.
2. Related Work
3. Background and Problem Definition
4. The Proposed Scheme with Mathematical Model
4.1. The ECCE Scheme
4.2. Markov Chain for the CSMA-CA Mechanism
- State “” represents that the node intends to gain the channel on the i-th attempt (i.e., it fails in the previous attempts) and it performs a CCA for the first time at the beginning of the j-th backoff period, where , . Here, from Figure 1, we have:
- State “” represents that the node intends to gain the channel on the i-th attempt and it performs a CCA for the second time at the beginning of the (j + 1)-th backoff period (this is the equivalent of performing a CCA at the end of j-th backoff period because the CCA is conducted at the boundary of two neighboring backoff periods), where , ;
- State “” represents that the node has prepared channel contention for transmitting the packet;
- State “” represents that the channel is not idle according to the CCA on the i-th attempt;
- State “S” represents that the node has succeeded in gaining the channel;
- State “H” represents that the node has halted channel contention as the number of attempts reaches its maximum.
4.3. Statistics for the CSMA-CA Mechanism
4.4. Optimization Problem
5. Performance Evaluation
- (1)
- Initialize the simulation parameters and variables;
- (2)
- Advance the time on the basis of microseconds. At each microsecond, first check whether a packet has arrived. If yes, keep the packet in the buffer and then consider contending for the channel for transmission in the case of the buffer being empty. Then, check whether the node is in backoff or not. In the case when a backoff ends, the node abides by the traditional CSMA-CA mechanism, starting from the CCA. Lastly, check whether the node is transmitting a packet. The completion of the transmission resets the relative parameters.
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Zhu, Y.-H.; Jia, L.; Zhang, Y. Enhancing Channel Contention Efficiency in IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Networks. Sensors 2022, 22, 1600. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041600
Zhu Y-H, Jia L, Zhang Y. Enhancing Channel Contention Efficiency in IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Networks. Sensors. 2022; 22(4):1600. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041600
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhu, Yi-Hua, Luming Jia, and Yufan Zhang. 2022. "Enhancing Channel Contention Efficiency in IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Networks" Sensors 22, no. 4: 1600. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041600
APA StyleZhu, Y.-H., Jia, L., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Enhancing Channel Contention Efficiency in IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Networks. Sensors, 22(4), 1600. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041600