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Volume 22
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10.3390/s22176392
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Article

Validation of Pressure-Sensing Insoles in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease during Overground Walking in Single and Cognitive Dual-Task Conditions

by
Monica Parati
1,2,*,
Matteo Gallotta
2,
Manuel Muletti
2,
Annalisa Pirola
2,
Alice Bellafà
2,
Beatrice De Maria
2 and
Simona Ferrante
1
1
Neuroengineering and Medical Robotics Laboratory, Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
2
Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2022, 22(17), 6392; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176392
Submission received: 30 June 2022 / Revised: 23 July 2022 / Accepted: 11 August 2022 / Published: 25 August 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors and Sensing Technology Applied in Parkinson Disease)
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Abstract

There is a need for unobtrusive and valid tools to collect gait parameters in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The novel promising tools are pressure-sensing insoles connected to a smartphone app; however, few studies investigated their measurement properties during simple or challenging conditions in PD patients. This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of gait parameters computed by pressure-sensing insoles (FeetMe® insoles, Paris, France). Twenty-five PD patients (21 males, mean age: 69 (7) years) completed two walking assessment sessions. In each session, participants walked on an electronic pressure-sensitive walkway (GaitRite®, CIR System Inc., Franklin, NJ, USA) without other additional instructions (i.e., single-task condition) and while performing a concurrent cognitive task (i.e., dual-task condition). Spatiotemporal gait parameters were measured simultaneously using the pressure-sensing insoles and the electronic walkway. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlation coefficients and Bland–Altman methodology. Test–retest reliability was examined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and minimal detectable changes (MDC). The validity results showed moderate to excellent correlations and good agreement between the two systems. Concerning test–retest reliability, moderate-to-excellent ICC values and acceptable MDC demonstrated the repeatability of the measured gait parameters. Our findings support the use of these insoles as complementary instruments to conventional tools during single and dual-task conditions.
Keywords: Parkinson’s disease; gait analysis; insoles; wearable sensors; dual tasking; validation; rehabilitation Parkinson’s disease; gait analysis; insoles; wearable sensors; dual tasking; validation; rehabilitation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Parati, M.; Gallotta, M.; Muletti, M.; Pirola, A.; Bellafà, A.; De Maria, B.; Ferrante, S. Validation of Pressure-Sensing Insoles in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease during Overground Walking in Single and Cognitive Dual-Task Conditions. Sensors 2022, 22, 6392. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176392

AMA Style

Parati M, Gallotta M, Muletti M, Pirola A, Bellafà A, De Maria B, Ferrante S. Validation of Pressure-Sensing Insoles in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease during Overground Walking in Single and Cognitive Dual-Task Conditions. Sensors. 2022; 22(17):6392. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176392

Chicago/Turabian Style

Parati, Monica, Matteo Gallotta, Manuel Muletti, Annalisa Pirola, Alice Bellafà, Beatrice De Maria, and Simona Ferrante. 2022. "Validation of Pressure-Sensing Insoles in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease during Overground Walking in Single and Cognitive Dual-Task Conditions" Sensors 22, no. 17: 6392. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176392

APA Style

Parati, M., Gallotta, M., Muletti, M., Pirola, A., Bellafà, A., De Maria, B., & Ferrante, S. (2022). Validation of Pressure-Sensing Insoles in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease during Overground Walking in Single and Cognitive Dual-Task Conditions. Sensors, 22(17), 6392. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176392

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