How to Improve Urban Intelligent Traffic? A Case Study Using Traffic Signal Timing Optimization Model Based on Swarm Intelligence Algorithm
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Ant Colony Labor Division Model
2.1. Basic Ant Colony Labor Division Model
2.2. Optimization of Ant Colony Labor Division Model
- qi—the traffic flow at phase i;
- tgi—the green time at phase i;
- si+—the stimulus value of increasing green time at phase i;
- si−—the stimulus value for the reduction of green time at phase i;
- θi+—the response threshold of increasing the green time in phase i;
- θi−—the response threshold of reducing the green time in phase i;
- Pi+—the selection probability of the green time increase in phase i;
- Pi−—the selection probability of the green time decrease in phase i;
- Pi*—the selection probability of the green time invariant in phase i;
- ξi+—the increment of green time for phase i;
- ξi−—the reduction of green time for phase i;
- λi—the green ratio in phase i;
- xi—the effective green time of phase i;
- yi—the degree of traffic flow saturation;
- C—the cycle time;
- Di—the delay time of vehicles in phase i;
- Hi—the number of stops of vehicles in phase i;
- Qi—the traffic capacity in phase i.
2.2.1. Environmental Stimulus
2.2.2. Response Threshold
2.2.3. Probability of Task Execution
2.2.4. Task Response
2.2.5. Algorithm implementation
- (1)
- Parameters including phase number n, initial green time, scale coefficient k, maximum iteration number N, etc., are initialized.
- (2)
- The initial number of iterations is set to 1.
- (3)
- According to Equations (3)–(8), the environmental stimulus, response threshold, and probability of task execution of each phase are calculated.
- (4)
- If Pi+ is greater than β or Pi− is greater than α, jump to (5), otherwise, jump to (6).
- (5)
- According to Equation (10) or (11), the change amount of green time is calculated and then the green time of each phase is updated.
- (6)
- According to Equations (12)–(17), the delay time of vehicles Di, stopping times of vehicles Hi, and the road traffic capacity Qi are calculated.
- (7)
- The value of evaluation function F(x, c) is calculated according to Equation (18).
- (8)
- Update the min F(x,c), and the corresponding optimal solution of green time.
- (9)
- Increase the number of iterations by 1.
- (10)
- Judge whether the maximum number of iterations has been reached. If so, jump to (11); otherwise, jump to (3).
- (11)
- Output the optimal solution.
3. Experiment and Analysis
3.1. Design of the Signal Phase
3.2. Experiment Data
3.3. Evaluation Index
3.4. Experiment
3.5. Result Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Phase i | Traditional Fixed Timing Scheme/s | Ant Colony Labor Division Model/s | Relative Change/% |
---|---|---|---|
Phase 1 | 6.65 | 6.04 | −9.06 |
Phase 2 | 6.27 | 5.59 | −10.71 |
Phase 3 | 6.63 | 5.97 | −9.95 |
Phase 4 | 6.15 | 5.23 | −14.83 |
The average of the intersections | 6.53 | 5.86 | −10.25 |
Phase i | Traditional Fixed Timing Scheme | Ant Colony Labor Division Model | Relative Change/% |
---|---|---|---|
Phase 1 | 1.0780 | 0.8253 | −23.44 |
Phase 2 | 0.8871 | 0.6885 | −22.38 |
Phase 3 | 1.0683 | 0.8071 | −24.44 |
Phase 4 | 0.9831 | 0.6602 | −32.84 |
The average of the intersections | 1.0314 | 0.7782 | −24.55 |
Phase i | Traditional Fixed Timing Scheme/pch·h−1 | Ant Colony Labor Division Model/pch·h−1 | Relative Change/% |
---|---|---|---|
Phase 1 | 6073 | 6329 | +4.23 |
Phase 2 | 6073 | 6252 | +2.95 |
Phase 3 | 15,181 | 15,832 | +4.28 |
Phase 4 | 3644 | 3660 | +0.45 |
The intersection traffic capacity | 30,969.76 | 32,072.55 | +3.56 |
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Fu, X.; Gao, H.; Cai, H.; Wang, Z.; Chen, W. How to Improve Urban Intelligent Traffic? A Case Study Using Traffic Signal Timing Optimization Model Based on Swarm Intelligence Algorithm. Sensors 2021, 21, 2631. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082631
Fu X, Gao H, Cai H, Wang Z, Chen W. How to Improve Urban Intelligent Traffic? A Case Study Using Traffic Signal Timing Optimization Model Based on Swarm Intelligence Algorithm. Sensors. 2021; 21(8):2631. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082631
Chicago/Turabian StyleFu, Xiancheng, Hengqiang Gao, Hongjuan Cai, Zhihao Wang, and Weiming Chen. 2021. "How to Improve Urban Intelligent Traffic? A Case Study Using Traffic Signal Timing Optimization Model Based on Swarm Intelligence Algorithm" Sensors 21, no. 8: 2631. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082631
APA StyleFu, X., Gao, H., Cai, H., Wang, Z., & Chen, W. (2021). How to Improve Urban Intelligent Traffic? A Case Study Using Traffic Signal Timing Optimization Model Based on Swarm Intelligence Algorithm. Sensors, 21(8), 2631. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082631