Strength Development Monitoring of Cemented Paste Backfill Using Guided Waves
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Specimens for Test
2.2.1. Background
2.2.2. Specimens for Guided Wave Test
2.2.3. Specimens for Uniaxial Compression Strength (UCS) Test
2.3. Guided Wave Test
2.3.1. Test Set-Up and Procedure
2.3.2. Guided Wave Velocity and Attenuation Data Processing
2.4. UCS Test
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Optimization of Excitation Wave
3.1.1. Optimization of the Excitation Wave Cycle
3.1.2. Optimization of the Excitation Wave Frequency
3.2. Relationship between UCS and Velocity of Guided Wave
3.3. Relationship between UCS and Guided Wave Attenuation
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- Guided waves with a frequency of 40 kHz and cycle numbers of 3, 5, 6, and 8 were used to detect cemented paste backfill samples. The results show that the larger cycle of the excitation wave, the easier the excitation wave and received wave overlap; they are difficult to distinguish. Combined with the attenuation of guided waves, the optimal detection cycle of the guided wave was determined to be 5.
- (2)
- Guided waves with frequencies of 20–70 kHz were used to test samples A and B, respectively. The general trend of wave velocity at each frequency decreases with curing time and will finally be stable. However, with the increase of the curing period, the attenuation of guided waves in CPB increases first and then decreases. The test results indicate that both the velocity and attenuation of guided wave change most obviously at the frequency of 30 kHz. Therefore, 30 kHz is the optimal guided wave frequency for cemented paste backfill monitoring.
- (3)
- Through the uniaxial compression test and guided wave test, the Mechanical and acoustic parameters of CPB were studied. The relationship between strength and wave velocity, strength and attenuation, and the corresponding exponential function fitting equations were found.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Particle Size/um | 0~33 | 33~45 | 45~74 | >74 | |
Content/% | 38.82 | 4.31 | 14.71 | 42.16 | 100 |
UCS/MPa | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
3 d | 7 d | 14 d | 28 d | |
Cement-tailings Ratio (1:4) | 1.25 | 1.73 | 2.12 | 3.42 |
1.23 | 2.01 | 2.15 | 3.33 | |
1.08 | 1.82 | 2.38 | 3.15 | |
1.32 | 1.64 | 2.34 | 3.65 | |
Cement-tailings Ratio (1:8) | 0.69 | 1.14 | 1.67 | 2.12 |
0.73 | 1.12 | 1.47 | 2.08 | |
0.71 | 1.15 | 1.23 | 1.99 | |
0.75 | 1.08 | 1.51 | 2.29 |
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He, W.; Zheng, C.; Li, S.; Shi, W.; Zhao, K. Strength Development Monitoring of Cemented Paste Backfill Using Guided Waves. Sensors 2021, 21, 8499. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21248499
He W, Zheng C, Li S, Shi W, Zhao K. Strength Development Monitoring of Cemented Paste Backfill Using Guided Waves. Sensors. 2021; 21(24):8499. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21248499
Chicago/Turabian StyleHe, Wen, Changsong Zheng, Shenhai Li, Wenfang Shi, and Kui Zhao. 2021. "Strength Development Monitoring of Cemented Paste Backfill Using Guided Waves" Sensors 21, no. 24: 8499. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21248499
APA StyleHe, W., Zheng, C., Li, S., Shi, W., & Zhao, K. (2021). Strength Development Monitoring of Cemented Paste Backfill Using Guided Waves. Sensors, 21(24), 8499. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21248499