Time-Resolved FDTD and Experimental FTIR Study of Gold Micropatch Arrays for Wavelength-Selective Mid-Infrared Optical Coupling
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Transmittance, Reflectance, and Diffractance
- FDTD results of Figure 2a are for m under one polarized stimulation of . Since there is no reflection but perfect transmission for polarization, the reflectance and transmittance values for unpolarized stimulation at 4.2 m are expected to be 42% and 10%, respectively. Experimental Figure 2c are for m (80%, 4%) and (60%, 7%) under unpolarized stimulation. When we extrapolate the peak response values to m, we would get approximately 40% reflectance and 10% transmittance, respectively, very close to the FDTD results.
- Figure 2d shows the consistent theory-experiment relationship between and the peak-response wavelength. Note that the experimental peak response wavelength was limited to an uncertainty of up to m by the FTIR peak broadening and spectral noise. in FDTD study was relatively small due to limited computation memory size.For our micropatch array designs, we expect that the most crucial variable is the metal micropatch geometry. For each fabricated array, the micropatch geometries were measured by SEM, with a geometric repeatability across fabrication runs of approximately 10∼20 nm. For the metallization itself, the materials and methods used are also relatively simple and also quite well controlled.The approximate measurement uncertainties, relevant to Figure 2d, are: (a) Peak-response wavelength, m. This is limited by the FTIR peak broadening and spectral noise. (b) Micropatch length, m. This is limited by geometric nonuniformity of the patches and SEM measurement uncertainty.
4. Time-Resolved FDTD Study
- The strong reflection shown in Figure 2 can be used to focus IR radiation. This is the most common far-field optical coupling studied in literature.
5. Near-Field Optical Coupling and Phonon Band
- With the addition of the Au/Ti micropatch array, Si phonon emission (in the reflectance spectrum) and absorption (transmittance spectrum) are enhanced. And smaller , i.e., larger surface metal coverage, caused larger enhancement. This is the result of the transient electromagnetic fields concentrated around the Au micropatches shown in Figure 3b,c, without which we would expect less stimulation to the phonons because
- geometrical light rays would be blockaded by the added Au/Ti micropatches
- larger reflection shown in Figure 2a,c would result in less penetration of stimulating light to Si phonons
- The observed emission/absorption enhancement is accompanied by peak wavelength red-shift. This is one of the fundamental results of quantum scattering theory that a higher stimulation causes a larger red-shift (energy renormalization) in the emission and absorption spectra, see, e.g., [34].
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fu, Y.; Yager, T.; Chikvaidze, G.; Iyer, S.; Wang, Q. Time-Resolved FDTD and Experimental FTIR Study of Gold Micropatch Arrays for Wavelength-Selective Mid-Infrared Optical Coupling. Sensors 2021, 21, 5203. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21155203
Fu Y, Yager T, Chikvaidze G, Iyer S, Wang Q. Time-Resolved FDTD and Experimental FTIR Study of Gold Micropatch Arrays for Wavelength-Selective Mid-Infrared Optical Coupling. Sensors. 2021; 21(15):5203. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21155203
Chicago/Turabian StyleFu, Ying, Tom Yager, George Chikvaidze, Srinivasan Iyer, and Qin Wang. 2021. "Time-Resolved FDTD and Experimental FTIR Study of Gold Micropatch Arrays for Wavelength-Selective Mid-Infrared Optical Coupling" Sensors 21, no. 15: 5203. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21155203
APA StyleFu, Y., Yager, T., Chikvaidze, G., Iyer, S., & Wang, Q. (2021). Time-Resolved FDTD and Experimental FTIR Study of Gold Micropatch Arrays for Wavelength-Selective Mid-Infrared Optical Coupling. Sensors, 21(15), 5203. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21155203