LoRa Architecture for V2X Communication: An Experimental Evaluation with Vehicles on the Move
College of Science and Engineering, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
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Sensors 2020, 20(23), 6876; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20236876
Received: 20 October 2020
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Revised: 29 November 2020
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Accepted: 29 November 2020
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Published: 1 December 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Intelligent Sensors)
The industrial development of the last few decades has prompted an increase in the number of vehicles by multiple folds. With the increased number of vehicles on the road, safety has become one of the primary concerns. Inter vehicular communication, specially Vehicle to Everything (V2X) communication can address these pressing issues including autonomous traffic systems and autonomous driving. The reliability and effectiveness of V2X communication greatly depends on communication architecture and the associated wireless technology. Addressing this challenge, a device-to-device (D2D)-based reliable, robust, and energy-efficient V2X communication architecture is proposed with LoRa wireless technology. The proposed system takes a D2D communication approach to reduce the latency by offering direct vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication, rather than routing the data via the LoRa WAN server. Additionally, the proposed architecture offers modularity and compact design, making it ideal for legacy systems without requiring any additional hardware. Testing and analysis suggest the proposed system can communicate reliably with roadside infrastructures and other vehicles at speeds ranging from 15–50 km per hour (kmph). The data packet consists of 12 bytes of metadata and 28 bytes of payload. At 15 kmph, a vehicle sends one data packet every 25.9 m, and at 50 kmph, it sends the same data packet every 53.34 m with reliable transitions.
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Keywords:
vehicle to everything (V2X); vehicle to vehicle (V2V); vehicle to infrastructure (V2I); LoRa; reliable V2X communication
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MDPI and ACS Style
Haque, K.F.; Abdelgawad, A.; Yanambaka, V.P.; Yelamarthi, K. LoRa Architecture for V2X Communication: An Experimental Evaluation with Vehicles on the Move. Sensors 2020, 20, 6876. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20236876
AMA Style
Haque KF, Abdelgawad A, Yanambaka VP, Yelamarthi K. LoRa Architecture for V2X Communication: An Experimental Evaluation with Vehicles on the Move. Sensors. 2020; 20(23):6876. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20236876
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaque, Khandaker F., Ahmed Abdelgawad, Venkata P. Yanambaka, and Kumar Yelamarthi. 2020. "LoRa Architecture for V2X Communication: An Experimental Evaluation with Vehicles on the Move" Sensors 20, no. 23: 6876. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20236876
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