A Stackelberg Game-Based Caching Incentive Scheme for Roadside Units in VANETs
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- We propose a Stackelberg game-based caching incentive scheme for the RSU in VANETs. Both BS and RSU can deliver content to moving vehicles alone to obtain profit. The moving vehicles can make a choice of downloading content from BS or RSU based on the received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR).
- Based on the Stackelberg game, a model is given to show the interaction among the BS and the RSU. A backward introduction method is introduced to solve the Stackelberg equilibrium. Based on the established profit models of both BS and RSU, we first solve the optimal caching scheme of RSU w.r.t. the price determined by the BS. Then, based on the scheme, we solve the optimal pricing strategy of the BS. Finally, the Stackelberg equilibrium solution can be obtained.
- The operation state adjustment scheme of RSUs within a day is designed. Based on the above, work and the running cost of RSUs is further considered. After analyzing the established one-hour profit model of RSUs, the optimal activity density of RSUs at different hours can be obtained.
2. System Model
2.1. Network Model
2.2. File Content Model
2.3. Caching Model
2.4. Effective Service Coverage Probability
2.4.1. Coverage Probabilities of Cellular Network and VANET
2.4.2. Coverage Probability of the Heterogeneous Network
2.4.3. Operator Selection of Moving Vehicles
3. Caching Incentive Scheme of RSU
3.1. Stackelberg Game
3.2. Profit Models of BS and RSU
3.3. Stackelberg Equilibrium Solution
3.3.1. Profit Analysis of RSU
3.3.2. Profit Analysis of BS
- (1)
- When , can be obtained. Since decreases monotonically w.r.t., can be maximized by . This demonstrates that if the coverage probability of the heterogeneous network is not large enough, it leads to lower the total profit of BS after RSU caches files. Therefore, the BS sets a large value of and forbids the RSU from caching any file.
- (2)
- When , can be obtained as well as and . Therefore, is a strictly concave function w.r.t. and the maximum exists. Let , the optimal strategy of RSU is
3.3.3. Changes of File Popularity
4. Operation State Adjustment for RSUs
5. Validation of the Proposed Scheme
5.1. Verification of Expressions of Coverage Probability of RSU and Selection Probability of Vehicle
5.2. Performance Analysis of the Proposed Game model
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Appendix B
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Radius of base station distribution area | |
Transmission power of BS | [35] |
Transmission power of RSU | [36] |
Bandwidth | |
Power spectral density of noise | |
Path loss exponent |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Zipf distribution parameter | |
Threshold of effective coverage | |
Transmission power of RSU | |
Bandwidth | |
Power spectral density of noise | |
Path loss exponent | |
Size of single content file | |
Total number of files | |
Euler’s constant | |
Number of file downloading requests from vehicles in one month | |
Number of file downloading requests from vehicles within an hour | |
BSs and RSUs charge vehicles for unit traffic pricing | 0.01 CNY/MB |
Pricing difference determined by BS | CNY/MB |
Hourly running cost for single RSU | CNY/h |
Length of the road |
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Wang, Y.; Lin, Y.; Chen, L.; Shi, J. A Stackelberg Game-Based Caching Incentive Scheme for Roadside Units in VANETs. Sensors 2020, 20, 6625. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226625
Wang Y, Lin Y, Chen L, Shi J. A Stackelberg Game-Based Caching Incentive Scheme for Roadside Units in VANETs. Sensors. 2020; 20(22):6625. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226625
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Yang, Yuankun Lin, Lingyu Chen, and Jianghong Shi. 2020. "A Stackelberg Game-Based Caching Incentive Scheme for Roadside Units in VANETs" Sensors 20, no. 22: 6625. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226625
APA StyleWang, Y., Lin, Y., Chen, L., & Shi, J. (2020). A Stackelberg Game-Based Caching Incentive Scheme for Roadside Units in VANETs. Sensors, 20(22), 6625. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226625