A Review of Acoustic Impedance Matching Techniques for Piezoelectric Sensors and Transducers
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
Sensors 2020, 20(14), 4051; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20144051
Received: 17 May 2020
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Revised: 6 July 2020
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Accepted: 16 July 2020
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Published: 21 July 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Electronic Sensors)
The coupling of waves between the piezoelectric generators, detectors, and propagating media is challenging due to mismatch in the acoustic properties. The mismatch leads to the reverberation of waves within the transducer, heating, low signal-to-noise ratio, and signal distortion. Acoustic impedance matching increases the coupling largely. This article presents standard methods to match the acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric sensors, actuators, and transducers with the surrounding wave propagation media. Acoustic matching methods utilizing active and passive materials have been discussed. Special materials such as nanocomposites, metamaterials, and metasurfaces as emerging materials have been presented. Emphasis is placed throughout the article to differentiate the difference between electric and acoustic impedance matching and the relation between the two. Comparison of various techniques is made with the discussion on capabilities, advantages, and disadvantages. Acoustic impedance matching for specific and uncommon applications has also been covered.
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Keywords:
acoustic impedance; ultrasonic transducer; matching layer; piezoelectric sensor; biomedical imaging; nondestructive evaluation; structural health monitoring; acoustic emission; energy harvesting
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MDPI and ACS Style
Rathod, V.T. A Review of Acoustic Impedance Matching Techniques for Piezoelectric Sensors and Transducers. Sensors 2020, 20, 4051. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20144051
AMA Style
Rathod VT. A Review of Acoustic Impedance Matching Techniques for Piezoelectric Sensors and Transducers. Sensors. 2020; 20(14):4051. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20144051
Chicago/Turabian StyleRathod, Vivek T. 2020. "A Review of Acoustic Impedance Matching Techniques for Piezoelectric Sensors and Transducers" Sensors 20, no. 14: 4051. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20144051
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