Stackelberg Game-Based Power Allocation for V2X Communications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- We investigated the power allocation problem aiming at jointly maximizing the utilities of both the VUEs and MBS.
- By transforming a nonlinear fractional programming problem into equivalent parametric programming, we maximized both the above-mentioned utilities simultaneously.
2. System Model and Problem Formulation
2.1. System Model
- The distance between VTs and the MBS must be large than the distance between the UL CUEs and the MBS.
- The distance between CUEs and the VRs must be large than the distance between the UL CUEs and the MBS.
2.2. Problem Formulation
3. Proposed Algorithm
3.1. Stackelberg Equilibrium
3.2. Mathematical Analysis
3.3. Power Allocation Scheme
3.3.1. Analysis of VUEs-Level Game
3.3.2. Analysis of MBS-Level Game
Algorithm 1: Power Allocation Scheme |
Require: |
g, h, l, ξ, N, σ, PC, PP, α, δ, a and b (error limitation δ > 0, a, b satisfying F (a) > 0 and F (b) < 0); q = (a + b)/2; |
Ensure: |
1: while |F (q)|> δ do 2: Calculate optimal price and power 3: Use Equations (15) and (19), calculate the optimal and ; 4: k = 1; 5: while |p(k) − p(k − 1)| > δ or |P (k) − P (k − 1)| > δ do 6: update p(k) and P(k) according to Equations (15) and (19) under the constraints; 7: k = k + 1; 8: end while 9: if F (a) · F (q)0 then 10: a = q; 11: else 12: b = q; 13: endif 14: q = (a + b)/2; 15: endwhile |
4. Numerical Results
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
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Zhang, E.; Yin, S.; Ma, H. Stackelberg Game-Based Power Allocation for V2X Communications. Sensors 2020, 20, 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010058
Zhang E, Yin S, Ma H. Stackelberg Game-Based Power Allocation for V2X Communications. Sensors. 2020; 20(1):58. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010058
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Erqing, Sixing Yin, and Huisheng Ma. 2020. "Stackelberg Game-Based Power Allocation for V2X Communications" Sensors 20, no. 1: 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010058
APA StyleZhang, E., Yin, S., & Ma, H. (2020). Stackelberg Game-Based Power Allocation for V2X Communications. Sensors, 20(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010058