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Article

On the Implementation of Simultaneous Multi-Frequency Excitations and Measurements for Electrical Impedance Tomography †

by
Mathieu Darnajou
1,2,*,
Antoine Dupré
3,
Chunhui Dang
1,2,
Guillaume Ricciardi
1,
Salah Bourennane
2 and
Cédric Bellis
4
1
CEA Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
2
École Centrale de Marseille, 38 Rue Frédéric Joliot Curie, 13013 Marseille, France
3
Department of Paediatrics, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
4
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, LMA UMR 7031, Marseille, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
This paper is an extended version of our paper published in The Design of Electrical Impedance Tomography Detectors in Nuclear Industry. In Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Bath, UK, 2–6 September 2018.
Sensors 2019, 19(17), 3679; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19173679
Submission received: 18 July 2019 / Revised: 8 August 2019 / Accepted: 20 August 2019 / Published: 24 August 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 9th World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography)
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Abstract

The investigation of quickly-evolving flow patterns in high-pressure and high-temperature flow rigs requires the use of a high-speed and non-intrusive imaging technique. Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) allows reconstructing the admittivity distribution characterizing a flow from the knowledge of currents and voltages on its periphery. The need for images at high frame rates leads to the strategy of simultaneous multi-frequency voltage excitations and simultaneous current measurements, which are discriminated using fast Fourier transforms. The present study introduces the theory for a 16-electrode simultaneous EIT system, which is then built based on a field programmable gate array data acquisition system. An analysis of the propagation of uncertainties through the measurement process is investigated, and experimental results with fifteen simultaneous signals are presented. It is shown that the signals are successfully retrieved experimentally at a rate of 1953 frames per second. The associated signal-to-noise ratio varies from 59.6–69.1 dB, depending on the generated frequency. These preliminary results confirm the relevance and the feasibility of simultaneous multi-frequency excitations and measurements in EIT as a means to significantly increase the imaging rate.
Keywords: FPGA; high-speed EIT; frequency division multiplexing; ONE-SHOT; EIDORS FPGA; high-speed EIT; frequency division multiplexing; ONE-SHOT; EIDORS

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MDPI and ACS Style

Darnajou, M.; Dupré, A.; Dang, C.; Ricciardi, G.; Bourennane, S.; Bellis, C. On the Implementation of Simultaneous Multi-Frequency Excitations and Measurements for Electrical Impedance Tomography. Sensors 2019, 19, 3679. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19173679

AMA Style

Darnajou M, Dupré A, Dang C, Ricciardi G, Bourennane S, Bellis C. On the Implementation of Simultaneous Multi-Frequency Excitations and Measurements for Electrical Impedance Tomography. Sensors. 2019; 19(17):3679. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19173679

Chicago/Turabian Style

Darnajou, Mathieu, Antoine Dupré, Chunhui Dang, Guillaume Ricciardi, Salah Bourennane, and Cédric Bellis. 2019. "On the Implementation of Simultaneous Multi-Frequency Excitations and Measurements for Electrical Impedance Tomography" Sensors 19, no. 17: 3679. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19173679

APA Style

Darnajou, M., Dupré, A., Dang, C., Ricciardi, G., Bourennane, S., & Bellis, C. (2019). On the Implementation of Simultaneous Multi-Frequency Excitations and Measurements for Electrical Impedance Tomography. Sensors, 19(17), 3679. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19173679

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