The Analysis of the Urea Biosensors Using Different Sensing Matrices via Wireless Measurement System & Microfluidic Measurement System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Fabrication of the Urea Biosensors Based on NiO and TiO2
- The polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate was cut into 30 mm × 40 mm. The PET was used as the substrate of the urea biosensors.
- The pattern was used as the arrayed conductive wires and reference electrodes, which silver paste was screen-printed onto a PET flexible substrate and was baked in an oven at 120 °C. The silver paste exhibited excellent adhesion to a PET substrate, and excellent electrical conduction capabilities. The sensor array was preliminarily tested and found to be working normally after being tested.
- TiO2 and NiO sensing films as matrices were prepared via using the radio frequency (R.F.) sputtering system. The sputtering parameters for the different sensing matrices are shown in Table 1.
- The flexible arrayed urea biosensor was encapsulated with epoxy. The epoxy, which also served as an insulation layer, could be used to define as the sensing area per window of 1.77 mm2.
2.3. Preparation and Modification of the MBs-Urease Solution
- The 0.3 wt% GO solution was prepared by mixing GO powder and D.I. water, it was then titrated onto the sensing matrices (TiO2 and NiO).
- The N-Ethyl-N’- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) solution and MBs were mixed evenly. The duration of the process is owing to the surface functional groups of MBs, which could make activation of carboxyl and hydroxyl for MBs. Then, the urease mixed and vibrated MBs for 8 h. The optimal volume ratio of MBs-urease is 1:1. The MBs-urease composite solution was dropped onto the sensing matrices (GO/TiO2 and GO/NiO).
2.4. Wireless Measurement System
2.5. Microfluidic Measurement
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Analysis of the Remote Monitoring for MBs-Urease/GO/TiO2 Urea Biosensor
3.2. Analysis of the Remote Monitoring for MBs-Urease/GO/NiO Urea Biosensor
3.3. Sensing Properties of the MBs-Urease/GO/TiO2 Urea Biosensor with the Integrated Microfluidic Framework
3.4. Sensins Properties of the MBs-Urease/GO/NiO Urea Biosensor with the Integrated Microfluidic Framework
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | TiO2 | NiO |
Power (W) | 100 | 50 |
Depostion Time (min) | 60 | 50 |
Pressure (mTorr) | 30 | 3 |
Gas flow (Ar:O2, sccm) | 20:1 | 10:0 |
Ref. | [25] 2019 | [26] 2019 |
Flow Rate (ml/h) | MBs-Urease/GO/TiO2 | MBs-Urease/GO/NiO | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Average Sensitivity (mV/(mg/dl)) | Linearity | Average Sensitivity (mV/(mg/dl)) | Linearity | |
20 | 3.022 | 0.976 | 4.103 | 0.996 |
30 | 2.964 | 0.979 | 3.060 | 0.982 |
40 | 4.256 | 0.995 | 5.582 | 0.959 |
50 | 3.394 | 0.934 | 4.594 | 0.973 |
60 | 2.754 | 0.943 | 3.956 | 0.909 |
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Chou, J.-C.; Wu, C.-Y.; Lin, S.-H.; Kuo, P.-Y.; Lai, C.-H.; Nien, Y.-H.; Wu, Y.-X.; Lai, T.-Y. The Analysis of the Urea Biosensors Using Different Sensing Matrices via Wireless Measurement System & Microfluidic Measurement System. Sensors 2019, 19, 3004. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19133004
Chou J-C, Wu C-Y, Lin S-H, Kuo P-Y, Lai C-H, Nien Y-H, Wu Y-X, Lai T-Y. The Analysis of the Urea Biosensors Using Different Sensing Matrices via Wireless Measurement System & Microfluidic Measurement System. Sensors. 2019; 19(13):3004. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19133004
Chicago/Turabian StyleChou, Jung-Chuan, Cian-Yi Wu, Si-Hong Lin, Po-Yu Kuo, Chih-Hsien Lai, Yu-Hsun Nien, You-Xiang Wu, and Tsu-Yang Lai. 2019. "The Analysis of the Urea Biosensors Using Different Sensing Matrices via Wireless Measurement System & Microfluidic Measurement System" Sensors 19, no. 13: 3004. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19133004
APA StyleChou, J.-C., Wu, C.-Y., Lin, S.-H., Kuo, P.-Y., Lai, C.-H., Nien, Y.-H., Wu, Y.-X., & Lai, T.-Y. (2019). The Analysis of the Urea Biosensors Using Different Sensing Matrices via Wireless Measurement System & Microfluidic Measurement System. Sensors, 19(13), 3004. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19133004