Figure 1.
Number of visible GPS satellites for station CUAA in Perth, Australia, on DOY 240, 2018.
Figure 1.
Number of visible GPS satellites for station CUAA in Perth, Australia, on DOY 240, 2018.
Figure 2.
Skyplot of the visible GPS satellites for station CUAA over 24 h on DOY 240, 2018.
Figure 2.
Skyplot of the visible GPS satellites for station CUAA over 24 h on DOY 240, 2018.
Figure 3.
(a) and (b) in the two-epoch case with of 30 s. The satellite orbit on DOY 240, 2018, and the ground truth of baseline CUAA-CUBB were used for the plot.
Figure 3.
(a) and (b) in the two-epoch case with of 30 s. The satellite orbit on DOY 240, 2018, and the ground truth of baseline CUAA-CUBB were used for the plot.
Figure 4.
Ambiguity dilution of precision (ADOP) of baseline CUAA-CUBB in the phase-only two-epoch case. The time span between the two epochs is 1 (a), 30 (b), and 60 s (c). The gray dahsed lines mark the ADOPs of 0.12 cycles. Note that the sub-figures have different scales
Figure 4.
Ambiguity dilution of precision (ADOP) of baseline CUAA-CUBB in the phase-only two-epoch case. The time span between the two epochs is 1 (a), 30 (b), and 60 s (c). The gray dahsed lines mark the ADOPs of 0.12 cycles. Note that the sub-figures have different scales
Figure 5.
The term
(Equation (
20)) for baseline CUAA-CUBB with
of 1 s.
Figure 5.
The term
(Equation (
20)) for baseline CUAA-CUBB with
of 1 s.
Figure 6.
Daily average ADOPs using single-, dual-, and triple-frequency phase signals with of 1 (top) and 60 s (bottom). Note that the sub-figures have different scales.
Figure 6.
Daily average ADOPs using single-, dual-, and triple-frequency phase signals with of 1 (top) and 60 s (bottom). Note that the sub-figures have different scales.
Figure 7.
Conditional standard deviations of the ambiguities ( before the decorrelation and after the decorrelation with ) in single-, dual-, and triple-frequency cases for phase-only two-epoch processing. The satellite orbit on DOY 240, 2018, and the ground truth of baseline CUAA-CUBB were used for the plot. The first epoch is the first second of the test day, and the time span between the two epochs are 1 (top) and 60 s (bottom).
Figure 7.
Conditional standard deviations of the ambiguities ( before the decorrelation and after the decorrelation with ) in single-, dual-, and triple-frequency cases for phase-only two-epoch processing. The satellite orbit on DOY 240, 2018, and the ground truth of baseline CUAA-CUBB were used for the plot. The first epoch is the first second of the test day, and the time span between the two epochs are 1 (top) and 60 s (bottom).
Figure 8.
The terms
(Equation (
25)) in solid lines and
(Equation (
26)) in dashed lines. The satellite orbit on DOY 240, 2018, and the ground truth of baseline CUAA-CUBB were used for the plot.
Figure 8.
The terms
(Equation (
25)) in solid lines and
(Equation (
26)) in dashed lines. The satellite orbit on DOY 240, 2018, and the ground truth of baseline CUAA-CUBB were used for the plot.
Figure 9.
Average formal IB ASRs on single-, dual-, and triple-frequencies in the phase-only two-epoch case. The time span between the two epochs are 1 (top) and 60 s (bottom).
Figure 9.
Average formal IB ASRs on single-, dual-, and triple-frequencies in the phase-only two-epoch case. The time span between the two epochs are 1 (top) and 60 s (bottom).
Figure 10.
Baseline errors for CUAA-CUBB in the phase-only two-epoch case. The time span between the two epochs is 30 s. The gray, green, and red dots represent the ambiguity-float, -correctly-fixed, and -wrongly-fixed solutions, and the blue dots represent the 95% formal confidence intervals of the ambiguity-float solutions. Note that the scales in different sub-figures are different.
Figure 10.
Baseline errors for CUAA-CUBB in the phase-only two-epoch case. The time span between the two epochs is 30 s. The gray, green, and red dots represent the ambiguity-float, -correctly-fixed, and -wrongly-fixed solutions, and the blue dots represent the 95% formal confidence intervals of the ambiguity-float solutions. Note that the scales in different sub-figures are different.
Figure 11.
Baseline errors for CUAA-CUBB in the phase-only two-epoch case. The time span between the two epochs is 60 s. The gray, green, and red dots represent the ambiguity-float, -correctly-fixed, and -wrongly-fixed solutions, and the blue dots represent the 95% formal confidence intervals of the ambiguity-float solutions. Note that the scales in different sub-figures are different.
Figure 11.
Baseline errors for CUAA-CUBB in the phase-only two-epoch case. The time span between the two epochs is 60 s. The gray, green, and red dots represent the ambiguity-float, -correctly-fixed, and -wrongly-fixed solutions, and the blue dots represent the 95% formal confidence intervals of the ambiguity-float solutions. Note that the scales in different sub-figures are different.
Figure 12.
Average formal standard deviations of the baseline errors in the ambiguity-float case. GPS triple-frequency phase data of baseline CUAA-CUBB was used for the plots.
Figure 12.
Average formal standard deviations of the baseline errors in the ambiguity-float case. GPS triple-frequency phase data of baseline CUAA-CUBB was used for the plots.
Figure 13.
Average change of
(Equation (
28)) in the north-, east-, and up-directions. The time span between the two epochs is 1 s. Data of baseline CUAA-CUBB was used for the plot.
Figure 13.
Average change of
(Equation (
28)) in the north-, east-, and up-directions. The time span between the two epochs is 1 s. Data of baseline CUAA-CUBB was used for the plot.
Figure 14.
Average formal standard deviations of ambiguity-float heights in the phase-only two-epoch case. The time span between the two epochs are 1 (top) and 60 s (bottom). Note that the scales of the sub-figures are different.
Figure 14.
Average formal standard deviations of ambiguity-float heights in the phase-only two-epoch case. The time span between the two epochs are 1 (top) and 60 s (bottom). Note that the scales of the sub-figures are different.
Figure 15.
Ambiguity-fixed baseline errors for CUAA-CUBB in the phase-only two-epoch case. The time span between the two epochs is 30 s. The green dots represent the ambiguity-correctly-fixed solutions, and the blue dots represent their 95% formal confidence intervals. Note that the scales in different sub-figures are different.
Figure 15.
Ambiguity-fixed baseline errors for CUAA-CUBB in the phase-only two-epoch case. The time span between the two epochs is 30 s. The green dots represent the ambiguity-correctly-fixed solutions, and the blue dots represent their 95% formal confidence intervals. Note that the scales in different sub-figures are different.
Figure 16.
Average formal standard deviations of the baseline errors in the ambiguity-fixed case. GPS triple-frequency phase data of baseline CUAA-CUBB was used for the plots.
Figure 16.
Average formal standard deviations of the baseline errors in the ambiguity-fixed case. GPS triple-frequency phase data of baseline CUAA-CUBB was used for the plots.
Figure 17.
Square roots of the daily average
,
,
(
a, Equation (
29)), and
(
b, Equation (
19)). The L1 data of baseline CUAA-CUBB on DOY 240, 2018, was used for the plot.
Figure 17.
Square roots of the daily average
,
,
(
a, Equation (
29)), and
(
b, Equation (
19)). The L1 data of baseline CUAA-CUBB on DOY 240, 2018, was used for the plot.
Figure 18.
Square roots of the stationary values of the gain numbers (
a, Equation (
19)) and the corresponding gain vectors
in the horizontal plane (
b). Data of baseline CUAA-CUBB is used for the L1-only case. The time span between the two epochs is 1 s.
Figure 18.
Square roots of the stationary values of the gain numbers (
a, Equation (
19)) and the corresponding gain vectors
in the horizontal plane (
b). Data of baseline CUAA-CUBB is used for the L1-only case. The time span between the two epochs is 1 s.
Figure 19.
Average formal standard deviations of ambiguity-fixed heights in the phase-only two-epoch case. The time span between the two epochs are 1 (top) and 60 s (bottom).
Figure 19.
Average formal standard deviations of ambiguity-fixed heights in the phase-only two-epoch case. The time span between the two epochs are 1 (top) and 60 s (bottom).
Table 1.
Zenith-referenced phase standard deviations for baselines CUAA-CUBB and CUAA-CUCC.
Table 1.
Zenith-referenced phase standard deviations for baselines CUAA-CUBB and CUAA-CUCC.
Frequency | CUAA-CUBB (mm) | CUAA-CUCC (mm) |
---|
L1 | 1 | 1 |
L2 | 1 | 2 |
L5 | 2 | 2 |
Table 2.
Empirical and average formal IB ASRs (in brackets) for the phase-only two-epoch scenario. The data on DOY 240, 2018, was used for the computation.
Table 2.
Empirical and average formal IB ASRs (in brackets) for the phase-only two-epoch scenario. The data on DOY 240, 2018, was used for the computation.
Frequency | CUAA-CUBB | CUAA-CUCC |
---|
1 s | 10 s | 60 s | 1 s | 10 s | 60 s |
---|
L1 | 0.186(0.317) | 0.695(0.823) | 0.966(0.989) | 0.185(0.303) | 0.677(0.808) | 0.961(0.987) |
L1/L2 | 0.988(0.999) | 1.000(1.000) | 1.000(1.000) | 0.974(0.998) | 1.000(1.000) | 1.000(1.000) |
L1/L2/L5 | 0.996(1.000) | 1.000(1.000) | 1.000(1.000) | 0.988(0.999) | 1.000(1.000) | 1.000(1.000) |
Table 3.
Empirical and average formal (in brackets) standard deviations of the ambiguity-float baseline errors for the phase-only two-epoch scenario. The data on DOY 240, 2018, was used for the computation. The results are given in the format of the north/east/up directions.
Table 3.
Empirical and average formal (in brackets) standard deviations of the ambiguity-float baseline errors for the phase-only two-epoch scenario. The data on DOY 240, 2018, was used for the computation. The results are given in the format of the north/east/up directions.
Frequency | CUAA-CUBB (m) | CUAA-CUCC (m) |
---|
1 s | 60 s | 1 s | 60 s |
---|
L1 | 7(12)/23(37)/14(22) | 0.2(0.2)/0.6(0.6)/0.4(0.4) | 7(13)/23(38)/14(23) | 0.2(0.2)/0.6(0.6)/0.4(0.4) |
L1/L2 | 8(10)/24(29)/15(17) | 0.2(0.2)/0.5(0.5)/0.3(0.3) | 7(11)/24(32)/15(19) | 0.2(0.2)/0.5(0.5)/0.3(0.3) |
L1/L2/L5 | 8(9)/25(28)/15(17) | 0.2(0.2)/0.5(0.5)/0.3(0.3) | 7(10)/24(31)/15(18) | 0.2(0.2)/0.5(0.5)/0.3(0.3) |
Table 4.
Empirical and average formal (in brackets) standard deviations of the ambiguity-fixed baseline errors for the phase-only two-epoch scenario. The data on DOY 240, 2018, was used for the computation. The results are given in the format of the north/east/up directions.
Table 4.
Empirical and average formal (in brackets) standard deviations of the ambiguity-fixed baseline errors for the phase-only two-epoch scenario. The data on DOY 240, 2018, was used for the computation. The results are given in the format of the north/east/up directions.
Frequency | CUAA-CUBB (mm) | CUAA-CUCC (mm) |
---|
1 s | 60 s | 1 s | 60 s |
---|
L1 | – | 2(1)/2(1)/4(3) | – | 2(1)/2(1)/4(3) |
L1/L2 | 2(1)/2(1)/4(2) | 2(1)/1(1)/4(2) | 2(1)/2(1)/4(3) | 2(1)/2(1)/4(3) |
L1/L2/L5 | 2(1)/2(1)/4(2) | 2(1)/1(1)/4(2) | 2(1)/2(1)/4(2) | 2(1)/1(1)/3(2) |