Nondestructive Evaluation of Carbon Fiber Bicycle Frames Using Infrared Thermography
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Investigation
2.1. Description of the Specimen
2.2. Infrared Camera
2.3. Estimation of Emissivity
2.4. Impact Damage
2.5. Infrared Inspection
2.6. Post-Processing
2.6.1. Pulsed Phase Thermography
2.6.2. Principal Component Thermography
2.6.3. Polynomial Fit and Time Derivatives
2.6.4. Partial Least Squares Thermography
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Quantitative Evaluation
3.2. Analysed Periods
3.3. Comparative Results
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Camera | FLIR A655sc |
Temperature range | to +140 C |
Thermal sensitivity/Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference (NETD) | 30 mK at 30 C |
Detector | 640 × 480 UFPA |
Spectral range | 7.5–14 |
Image frequency | 50 Hz |
Spatial resolution | 0.68 mrad |
Field of view (FOV) | 25 × 19 |
Detector pitch | 17 |
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Usamentiaga, R.; Ibarra-Castanedo, C.; Klein, M.; Maldague, X.; Peeters, J.; Sanchez-Beato, A. Nondestructive Evaluation of Carbon Fiber Bicycle Frames Using Infrared Thermography. Sensors 2017, 17, 2679. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17112679
Usamentiaga R, Ibarra-Castanedo C, Klein M, Maldague X, Peeters J, Sanchez-Beato A. Nondestructive Evaluation of Carbon Fiber Bicycle Frames Using Infrared Thermography. Sensors. 2017; 17(11):2679. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17112679
Chicago/Turabian StyleUsamentiaga, Rubén, Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo, Matthieu Klein, Xavier Maldague, Jeroen Peeters, and Alvaro Sanchez-Beato. 2017. "Nondestructive Evaluation of Carbon Fiber Bicycle Frames Using Infrared Thermography" Sensors 17, no. 11: 2679. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17112679