Accuracy of WAAS-Enabled GPS-RF Warning Signals When Crossing a Terrestrial Geofence
by
Lindsay M. Grayson 1, Robert F. Keefe 1,*
, Wade T. Tinkham 2, Jan U. H. Eitel 1, Jarred D. Saralecos 3, Alistair M. S. Smith 1 and Eloise G. Zimbelman 1
Lindsay M. Grayson 1, Robert F. Keefe 1,*, Wade T. Tinkham 2, Jan U. H. Eitel 1, Jarred D. Saralecos 3, Alistair M. S. Smith 1 and Eloise G. Zimbelman 1
1
Department of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, Moscow, ID 83844-1133, USA
2
Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, 1472 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
3
Department of Forest Management, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Assefa M. Melesse
Sensors 2016, 16(6), 912; https://doi.org/10.3390/s16060912
Received: 14 February 2016 / Revised: 8 June 2016 / Accepted: 13 June 2016 / Published: 18 June 2016
(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensors)
Geofences are virtual boundaries based on geographic coordinates. When combined with global position system (GPS), or more generally global navigation satellite system (GNSS) transmitters, geofences provide a powerful tool for monitoring the location and movements of objects of interest through proximity alarms. However, the accuracy of geofence alarms in GNSS-radio frequency (GNSS-RF) transmitter receiver systems has not been tested. To achieve these goals, a cart with a GNSS-RF locator was run on a straight path in a balanced factorial experiment with three levels of cart speed, three angles of geofence intersection, three receiver distances from the track, and three replicates. Locator speed, receiver distance and geofence intersection angle all affected geofence alarm accuracy in an analysis of variance (p = 0.013, p = 2.58 × 10−8, and p = 0.0006, respectively), as did all treatment interactions (p < 0.0001). Slower locator speed, acute geofence intersection angle, and closest receiver distance were associated with reduced accuracy of geofence alerts.
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Keywords:
geofence; virtual fence; real-time GPS; GPS-RF; GNSS; GNSS-RF; position, navigation and timing
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Grayson, L.M.; Keefe, R.F.; Tinkham, W.T.; Eitel, J.U.H.; Saralecos, J.D.; Smith, A.M.S.; Zimbelman, E.G. Accuracy of WAAS-Enabled GPS-RF Warning Signals When Crossing a Terrestrial Geofence. Sensors 2016, 16, 912.
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