Endemic Species of Butterflies: Importance of Protected Areas in Tropical Montane Endemism Conservation
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
NNPs | Colombian National Natural Parks system |
NNP | National Natural Park |
FFS | Flora and Fauna Sanctuary |
FS | Flora Sanctuary |
FaS | Fauna Sanctuary |
NNR | National Natural Reserve |
VP | Via Park |
UNA | Unique Natural Area |
UAEC | University of Antioquia-Medellin Entomology Collection |
ICN-MHN | Collection of Entomology of the Natural History Museum of the National University of Colombia-Bogota |
FLGEM | Francisco Luis Gallego Entomological Museum, National University of Colombia-Medellín |
NTCI | National Taxonomic Collection of Insects-Tibaitatá |
NUBA | National University-Bogotá, Agronomy Entomological Museum |
IAvH-E | Entomological Collection of the Alexander von Humboldt Institute |
MPJU | Natural History Museum Pontifical Javeriana University-Bogota, Entomological collection |
LSM | La Salle University Museum |
CJFL | Personal collection of Jean Francoise Le Crom |
m.a.s.l. | Meters above sea level |
SiB | System of Information in Biodiversity-Colombia |
IAvH | Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research Institute |
IUCN | International Union for Conservation of Nature |
VU | Species categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as being threatened with extinction unless their survival and reproduction improve. |
EN | Species categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as being very likely to become extinct in their known native ranges in the near future. |
CR | Species categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
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Region | National Natural Park Name | Endemic Species Recorded | * Unique Endemic Species Recorded |
---|---|---|---|
Caribbean | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta | 28 | 27 |
North Eastern Andes | Iguaque | 18 | 12 |
North Eastern Andes | Chingaza | 17 | 6 |
Western Andes | Puracé | 14 | 6 |
Western Andes | Tatamá | 12 | 8 |
Pacific | Farallones de Cali | 11 | 6 |
Western Andes | Los Nevados | 10 | 5 |
North Eastern Andes | Sumapáz | 10 | 1 |
Pacific | Munchique | 9 | 5 |
North Eastern Andes | El Cocuy | 8 | 4 |
Western Andes | Las Orquídeas | 3 | 3 |
North Eastern Andes | Serranía de los Yariguíes | 6 | 3 |
North Eastern Andes | Guanenta Alto Rio Fonce | 4 | 1 |
Western Andes | Otún Quimbaya | 3 | 2 |
Western Andes | Nevado del Huila | 3 | 2 |
Amazon | Serranía de Chiribiquete | 2 | 2 |
Western Andes | Selva de Florencia | 2 | 1 |
North Eastern Andes | Pisba | 2 | 1 |
North Eastern Andes | Tamá | 2 | 0 |
North Eastern Andes | Serranía de la Macarena | 1 | 0 |
Amazon | Serranía de los Churumbelos—Auka Wasi | 1 | 0 |
North Eastern Andes | Los Estoraques | 1 | 0 |
Western Andes | Galeras | 1 | 1 |
Amazon | Alto Fragua—Indi Wasi | 1 | 0 |
Amazon | Plantas Medicinales Orito Ingi Ande | 1 | 0 |
National Natural Park Name | Red Data Book of Terrestrial Arthropods of Colombia [36] | Colombian Minambiente Resolution 1912 of 2017 [37] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Categories | Categories | |||||||
EN | VU | NT | Total | EN | VU | NT | Total | |
Santa Marta | * 1 | * 2 | 0 | * 3 | * 2 | * 1 | 0 | * 3 |
Chingaza | * 1 | 0 | 0 | * 1 | * 1 | 0 | 0 | * 1 |
Farallones | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
Tatamá | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
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Higuera-Díaz, M.; León-Parra, A.; Fagua, G. Endemic Species of Butterflies: Importance of Protected Areas in Tropical Montane Endemism Conservation. Diversity 2025, 17, 536. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17080536
Higuera-Díaz M, León-Parra A, Fagua G. Endemic Species of Butterflies: Importance of Protected Areas in Tropical Montane Endemism Conservation. Diversity. 2025; 17(8):536. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17080536
Chicago/Turabian StyleHiguera-Díaz, Mónica, Andrea León-Parra, and Giovanny Fagua. 2025. "Endemic Species of Butterflies: Importance of Protected Areas in Tropical Montane Endemism Conservation" Diversity 17, no. 8: 536. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17080536
APA StyleHiguera-Díaz, M., León-Parra, A., & Fagua, G. (2025). Endemic Species of Butterflies: Importance of Protected Areas in Tropical Montane Endemism Conservation. Diversity, 17(8), 536. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17080536