Understanding Extra-Pair Mating Behaviour: A Case Study of Socially Monogamous European Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) in Western Siberia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study System
2.2. Paternity Analysis
2.3. Overlapping in Fertility Periods
2.4. Nest Site Quality
2.5. Classification of Individuals
- —Males that did not gain EPP, and did not lose paternity in their own nest, EPY-neutral, mostly monogamous in our opinion (but see [8]).
- —Males that gained EPP, but could have also lost paternity in their own nest, EPY-positive males.
- —Males that lost paternity in their own nest, but did not gain EPP elsewhere, EPY-negative males.
- —Females not obtained EPP and mated with EPY-neutral males, EPY-neutral, mostly monogamous females.
- —Females obtained EPP, EPY-positive females.
- —Females breeding with EPY-positive males.
- —Within-pair offspring, the genetic descendants of the EPY-neutral males and EPY-neutral females.
- —maternal (within-pair) half-siblings of extra-pair offspring.
- —Extra-pair offspring.
- —Paternal (within-pair) half-siblings of extra-pair offspring.
2.6. Fitness Estimates
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Breeding Density and Breeding Time
3.2. Distance between Extra-Pair Mates
3.3. Age of Birds
3.4. Morphological Characters
3.5. Territory (Nest Site) Quality
3.6. Fecundity of Adults, Fledglings Fitness
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Social and Genetic Mother | Sire | Social Father | Type | N | Recruited and Started Breeding in | Apparent Recruits | Corrected Recruits | [CI] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | N | % | N | % [CI] | ||||||
981 | 30 | 28 | – | 1 | 1 | 60 | 6.1% | 110 | 11.2% [9.2–13.2] | 10.3% [7.4–14.1] | ||||
189 | 12 | 4 | 1 | 2 | – | 19 | 10.1% | 40 | 21.2% [15.4–27.0] | 14.6% [9.9–21.1] | ||||
103 | 7 | 1 | – | – | – | 8 | 7.8% | 9 | 8.7% [3.3–14.1] | 10.6% [5.6–18.3] | ||||
212 | 5 | 4 | 1 | – | – | 10 | 4.7% | 17 | 8.0% [4.3–11.7] | 9.8% [6.1–15.2] |
Social and Genetic Mother | Sire | Social Father | Type | N | [CI] | [CI] | [CI] | [CI] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
981 | 0.15 [0–2.42] | 0.02 [0–0.50] | 0.28 [0–3.50] | 0.02 [0–0.50] | ||||
189 | 0.27 [0–3.55] | 0.04 [0–0.71] | 0.53 [0–6.30] | 0.04 [0–0.50] | ||||
103 | 0.24 [0–3.47] | 0.01 [0–0.00] | 0.31 [0–3.95] | 0.01 [0–0.00] | ||||
212 | 0.12 [0–2.14] | 0.02 [0–0.36] | 0.27 [0–3.36] | 0.02 [0–0.36] |
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Grinkov, V.G.; Bauer, A.; Sternberg, H.; Wink, M. Understanding Extra-Pair Mating Behaviour: A Case Study of Socially Monogamous European Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) in Western Siberia. Diversity 2022, 14, 283. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14040283
Grinkov VG, Bauer A, Sternberg H, Wink M. Understanding Extra-Pair Mating Behaviour: A Case Study of Socially Monogamous European Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) in Western Siberia. Diversity. 2022; 14(4):283. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14040283
Chicago/Turabian StyleGrinkov, Vladimir G., Andreas Bauer, Helmut Sternberg, and Michael Wink. 2022. "Understanding Extra-Pair Mating Behaviour: A Case Study of Socially Monogamous European Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) in Western Siberia" Diversity 14, no. 4: 283. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14040283