Genetic Diversity and Mating System of Two Mangrove Species (Rhizophora apiculata and Avicennia marina) in a Heavily Disturbed Area of China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Plant Sampling
2.2. DNA Extraction, PCR Amplification, and Microsatellite Screening
2.3. Statistical Analysis of Genetic Parameters
2.4. Analysis of Bottlenecks and Spatial Genetic Structure
2.5. Analysis of Mating System Parameters and Pollen Dispersal
3. Results
3.1. Genetic Diversity of R. apiculata and A. marina
3.2. Bottlenecks and Spatial Genetic Structure
3.3. Mating System Parameters
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Locus | n | Na | Ne | Ho | He | uHe | I | Pr(Ex1) | Pr(Ex2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R. apiculata | |||||||||
Rhst01 | 167 | 2 | 1.519 | 0.018 | 0.342 | 0.343 | 0.525 | 0.962 | 0.880 |
Rhst02 | 167 | 4 | 1.877 | 0.665 | 0.467 | 0.469 | 0.747 | 0.871 | 0.755 |
Rhst11 | 167 | 2 | 1.916 | 0.347 | 0.478 | 0.479 | 0.671 | 0.903 | 0.828 |
Rhst13 | 167 | 7 | 2.065 | 0.413 | 0.516 | 0.517 | 0.920 | 0.861 | 0.743 |
Rhst20 | 167 | 8 | 4.322 | 0.311 | 0.769 | 0.771 | 1.589 | 0.630 | 0.452 |
RM113 | 167 | 5 | 2.453 | 0.593 | 0.592 | 0.594 | 1.056 | 0.814 | 0.671 |
RM114 | 167 | 6 | 2.207 | 0.467 | 0.547 | 0.548 | 0.999 | 0.839 | 0.692 |
RM116 | 167 | 3 | 1.068 | 0.042 | 0.064 | 0.064 | 0.155 | 0.997 | 0.960 |
Mean | 167 | 4.6 | 2.178 | 0.357 | 0.472 | 0.473 | 0.833 | / | / |
A. marina | |||||||||
Avma01 | 210 | 3 | 1.840 | 0.262 | 0.457 | 0.458 | 0.662 | 0.881 | 0.813 |
Avma02 | 210 | 5 | 1.479 | 0.248 | 0.324 | 0.325 | 0.596 | 0.930 | 0.823 |
Avma16 | 210 | 4 | 1.975 | 0.238 | 0.494 | 0.495 | 0.722 | 0.874 | 0.804 |
Avma17 | 210 | 5 | 2.795 | 0.476 | 0.642 | 0.644 | 1.201 | 0.797 | 0.634 |
Am3 | 210 | 2 | 1.379 | 0.157 | 0.275 | 0.275 | 0.447 | 0.975 | 0.901 |
Am32 | 210 | 3 | 1.100 | 0.010 | 0.091 | 0.091 | 0.212 | 0.999 | 0.976 |
Am40 | 210 | 4 | 1.776 | 0.152 | 0.437 | 0.438 | 0.671 | 0.903 | 0.819 |
Am81 | 210 | 4 | 1.547 | 0.014 | 0.354 | 0.354 | 0.594 | 0.908 | 0.818 |
Mean | 210 | 3.5 | 1.750 | 0.197 | 0.387 | 0.389 | 0636 | / | / |
Species | n | Na | Ne | Ho | He | uHe | I | Fis | AR | PAR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R. apiculata | ||||||||||
Adults | 139 | 4.625 | 2.165 | 0.366 | 0.464 | 0.466 | 0.828 | 0.215 | 3.046 | 0.433 |
(0.800) | (0.365) | (0.084) | (0.073) | (0.074) | (0.152) | / | (0.441) | (0.130) | ||
Seedlings | 28 | 3.375 | 2.169 | 0.313 | 0.486 | 0.495 | 0.813 | 0.373 * | 2.941 | 0.327 |
(0.460) | (0.262) | (0.081) | (0.071) | (0.072) | (0.135) | / | (0.402) | (0.155) | ||
Total | 167 | 4.625 | 2.178 | 0.357 | 0.472 | 0.473 | 0.833 | 0.246 | / | / |
(0.800) | (0.341) | (0.083) | (0.072) | (0.073) | (0.149) | / | / | / | ||
A. marina | ||||||||||
Adults | 152 | 3.500 | 1.750 | 0.197 | 0.387 | 0.389 | 0.636 | 0.497 * | 2.623 | 0.277 |
(0.267) | (0.181) | (0.056) | (0.060) | (0.061) | (0.102) | / | (0.233) | (0.111) | ||
Seedlings | 58 | 2.875 | 1.699 | 0.190 | 0.372 | 0.376 | 0.625 | 0.497 * | 2.704 | 0.358 |
(0.389) | (0.181) | (0.049) | (0.055) | (0.055) | (0.097) | / | (0.329) | (0.143) | ||
Total | 210 | 3.750 | 1.736 | 0.195 | 0.384 | 0.385 | 0.638 | 0.497 * | / | / |
(0.366) | (0.180) | (0.053) | (0.058) | (0.058) | (0.099) | / | / | / |
Model | R. apiculata | A. marina | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adults | Seedlings | Total | Adults | Seedlings | Total | ||
Sign test | TPM | 0.450 | 0.200 | 0.430 | 0.531 | 0.142 | 0.534 |
IAA | 0.154 | 0.042 | 0.145 | 0.130 | 0.096 | 0.138 | |
SMM | 0.086 | 0.269 | 0.083 | 0.225 | 0.593 | 0.069 | |
mean | 0.230 | 0.170 | 0.219 | 0.295 | 0.277 | 0.247 | |
One-tailed Wilcoxon test | TPM | 0.422 | 0.125 | 0.422 | 0.527 | 0.230 | 0.578 |
IAA | 0.098 | 0.020 | 0.027 | 0.098 | 0.125 | 0.125 | |
SMM | 0.963 | 0.473 | 0.902 | 0.973 | 0.527 | 0.980 | |
mean | 0.494 | 0.206 | 0.451 | 0.533 | 0.294 | 0.561 |
Mother Tree | Propagules | tm (SE) | ts (SE) | tm−ts |
---|---|---|---|---|
R. apiculata | ||||
Z12 | 6 | 1.001 (0.001) | 1.138 (0.053) | −0.137 |
Z85 | 11 | 1.116 (0.041) | 1.551 (0.165) | −0.435 |
Z110 | 6 | 1.004 (0.001) | 1.082 (0.112) | −0.078 |
A. marina | ||||
A1 | 17 | 0.822 (0.209) | 1.027 (0.203) | −0.205 |
A2 | 10 | 0.186 (0.151) | 0.094 (0.073) | 0.092 |
A21 | 9 | 0.755 (0.170) | 0.691 (0.199) | 0.064 |
A48 | 9 | 1.024 (0.001) | 0.589 (0.079) | 0.435 |
A126 | 6 | 0.849 (0.162) | 0.818 (0.228) | 0.031 |
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Lu, W.; Zou, Z.; Hu, X.; Yang, S. Genetic Diversity and Mating System of Two Mangrove Species (Rhizophora apiculata and Avicennia marina) in a Heavily Disturbed Area of China. Diversity 2022, 14, 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14020115
Lu W, Zou Z, Hu X, Yang S. Genetic Diversity and Mating System of Two Mangrove Species (Rhizophora apiculata and Avicennia marina) in a Heavily Disturbed Area of China. Diversity. 2022; 14(2):115. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14020115
Chicago/Turabian StyleLu, Wenxun, Zhen Zou, Xueying Hu, and Shengchang Yang. 2022. "Genetic Diversity and Mating System of Two Mangrove Species (Rhizophora apiculata and Avicennia marina) in a Heavily Disturbed Area of China" Diversity 14, no. 2: 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14020115