Widespread Occurrence of a Rarely Known Association between the Hydrocorals Stylaster roseus and Millepora alcicornis at Bonaire, Southern Caribbean
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Gates, R.D.; Ainsworth, T.D. The nature and taxonomic composition of coral symbiomes as drivers of performance limit in scleractinian corals. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 2011, 408, 94–101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rohwer, F.; Breitbart, M.; Jara, J.; Azam, F.; Knowlton, N. Diversity of bacteria associated with the Caribbean coral Montastraea franksi. Coral Reefs 2001, 20, 85–91. [Google Scholar]
- Stella, J.S.; Pratchett, M.S.; Hutchings, P.A.; Jones, G.P. Coral-associated invertebrates: Diversity, ecological importance and vulnerability to disturbance. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev. 2011, 49, 43–116. [Google Scholar]
- Hoeksema, B.W.; van der Meij, S.E.T.; Fransen, C.H.J.M. The mushroom coral as a habitat. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U. K. 2012, 92, 647–663. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hoeksema, B.W. The hidden biodiversity of tropical coral reefs. Biodiversity 2017, 18, 8–12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- De Souza, J.N.; Nunes, F.L.D.; Zilberberg, C.; Sanchez, J.A.; Migotto, A.E.; Hoeksema, B.W.; Serrano, X.M.; Baker, A.C.; Lindner, A. Contrasting patterns of connectivity among endemic and widespread fire coral species (Millepora spp.) in the tropical Southwestern Atlantic. Coral Reefs 2017, 36, 701–716. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Arrigoni, R.; Maggioni, D.; Montano, S.; Hoeksema, B.W.; Seveso, D.; Shlesinger, T.; Terraneo, T.I.; Tietbohl, M.D.; Berumen, M.I. An integrated morpho-molecular approach to delineate species boundaries of Millepora from the Red Sea. Coral Reefs 2018, 37, 967–984. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Takama, O.; Fernandez-Silva, I.; López, C.; Reimer, J.D. Molecular phylogeny demonstrates the need for taxonomic reconsideration of species diversity of the hydrocoral genus Millepora (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) in the Pacific. Zool. Sci. 2018, 35, 123–133. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Boissin, E.; Pogoreutz, C.; Pey, A.; Gravier-Bonnet, N.; Planes, S. Millepora platyphylla (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) range extended back to the Eastern Pacific, thanks to a new record from Clipperton Atoll. Zootaxa 2019, 4668, 599–600. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rodríguez, L.; López, C.; Casado-Amezua, P.; Ruiz-Ramos, D.V.; Martínez, B.; Banaszak, A.; Tuya, F.; García-Fernández, A.; Hernández, A. Genetic relationships of the hydrocoral Millepora alcicornis and its symbionts within and between locations across the Atlantic. Coral Reefs 2019, 38, 255–268. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Boissin, E.; Leung, J.K.L.; Denis, V.; Bourmaud, C.A.F.; Gravier-Bonnet, N. Morpho-molecular delineation of structurally important reef species, the fire corals, Millepora spp., at Réunion Island, Southwestern Indian Ocean. Hydrobiologia 2020, 847, 1237–1255. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lewis, J.B. Biology and ecology of the hydrocoral Millepora on coral reefs. Adv. Mar. Biol. 2006, 50, 1–55. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Garcia, T.M.; Matthews-Cascon, H.; Franklin-Junior, W. Macrofauna associated with branching fire coral Millepora alcicornis (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Thalassas 2008, 24, 11–19. [Google Scholar]
- Garcia, T.M.; Matthews-Cascon, H.; Franklin-Junior, W. Millepora alcicornis (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) as substrate for benthic fauna. Braz. J. Oceanog. 2009, 57, 153–155. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hoeksema, B.W.; Ten Hove, H.A. The invasive sun coral Tubastraea coccinea hosting a native Christmas tree worm at Curaçao, Dutch Caribbean. Mar. Biodivers. 2017, 47, 59–65. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hoeksema, B.W.; García-Hernández, J.E. Host-related morphological variation of dwellings inhabited by the crab Domecia acanthophora in the corals Acropora palmata and Millepora complanata (Southern Caribbean). Diversity 2020, 12, 143. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cairns, S.D. Deep-water corals: An overview with special reference to diversity and distribution of deep-water scleractinian corals. Bull. Mar. Sci. 2007, 81, 311–322. [Google Scholar]
- Cairns, S.D. Global diversity of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Athecatae). PLoS ONE 2011, 6, e21670. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pica, D.; Cairns, S.D.; Puce, S.; Newman, W.A. Southern hemisphere deep-water stylasterid corals including a new species, Errina labrosa sp. n. (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Stylasteridae), with notes on some symbiotic scalpellids (Cirripedia, Thoracica, Scalpellidae). ZooKeys 2015, 472, 1–25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Light, W.J. Polydora alloporis, new species, a commensal spionid (Annelida, Polychaeta) from a hydrocoral off Central California. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 1970, 37, 459–472. [Google Scholar]
- Pettibone, M.H. Polynoid commensals with gorgonian and stylasterid corals, with a new genus, new combinations, and new species (Polychaeta: Polynoidae: Polynoinae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 1991, 104, 688–713. [Google Scholar]
- Martin, D.; Britayev, T.A. Symbiotic polychaetes revisited: An update of the known species and relationships (1998–2017). Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev. 2018, 56, 371–448. [Google Scholar]
- Zibrowius, H. Associations of Hydrocorallia Stylasterina with gall-inhabiting Copepoda Siphonostomatoidea from the South-West Pacific. Part 1. On the stylasterine hosts, including two new species, Stylaster papuensis and Crypthelia cryptotrema. Bijdr Dierk 1981, 51, 268–286. [Google Scholar]
- Zibrowius, H.; Cairns, S.D. Revision of the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Mém Mus Nat Hist Nat. Ser. A 1992, 153, 1–136. [Google Scholar]
- Stock, J.H. Associations of Hydrocorallia Stylasterina with gall-inhabiting Copepoda Siphonostomatoidea from the South-West Pacific. Part II. On six species belonging to four new genera of the copepod family Asterocheridae. Bijdr. Dierk. 1981, 51, 287–312. [Google Scholar]
- Stock, J.H. On the presence of gall-inducing Copepoda on stylasterine corals.-Proceedings of the First International Conference on Copepoda. Studies on Copepoda II. Crustaceana 1984, 7, 377–380. [Google Scholar]
- Goud, J.; Hoeksema, B.W. Pedicularia vanderlandi spec. nov., a symbiotic snail (Caenogastropoda; Ovulidae) on the hydrocoral Distichopora vervoorti Cairns and Hoeksema, 1998 (Hydrozoa; Stylasteridae), from Bali, Indonesia. Zool. Verh. 2001, 334, 77–97. [Google Scholar]
- Wisshak, M.; López Correa, M.; Zibrowius, H.; Jakobsen, J.; Freiwald, A. Skeletal reorganisation affects geochemical signals, exemplified in the stylasterid hydrocoral Errina dabneyi (Azores Archipelago). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 2009, 397, 197–208. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Millard, N.A.H. Auto-epizoism in South African hydroids. In: Recent trends in research in Coelenterate biology. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Cnidaria. Publ. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab. 1973, 20, 23–34. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
- Galea, H.R.; Leclère, L. On some morphologically aberrant, auto-epizootic forms of Plumularia setacea (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from southern Chile. Zootaxa 2007, 1484, 39–49. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Boero, F.; Bouillon, J.; Kubota, S. The medusae of some species of Hebella Allman, 1888, and Anthohebella gen. nov. (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Lafoeidae), with a world synopsis of species. Zool. Verh. 1997, 310, 1–53. [Google Scholar]
- Bouillon, J.; Gravili, C.; Pagès, F.; Gili, J.M.; Boero, F. An introduction to Hydrozoa. Mém. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. 2020, 194, 1–591. [Google Scholar]
- Sánchez, J.A.; Nava, G.R. Note on the distributions, habitat and morphology of Stylaster roseus (Pallas 1766) (Hydrozoa; Stylasterina) in the Colombian Caribbean. Bol. Investig. Mar. Cost. 1994, 23, 193–197. [Google Scholar]
- Hoeksema, B.W.; van Moorsel, G.W.N.M. Stony corals of St. Eustatius. In Marine Biodiversity Survey of St. Eustatius, Dutch Caribbean, 2015; Hoeksema, B.W., Ed.; Naturalis Biodiversity Center: Leiden, The Netherlands, 2016; pp. 32–37. [Google Scholar]
- Hoeksema, B.W.; Koh, E.G.L. Depauperation of the mushroom coral fauna (Fungiidae) of Singapore (1860s–2006) in changing reef conditions. Raffles. Bull. Zool. Suppl. 2009, 22, 91–101. [Google Scholar]
- Reimer, J.D.; Wee, H.B.; García-Hernández, J.E.; Hoeksema, B.W. Zoantharia (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) abundance and associations with Porifera and Hydrozoa across a depth gradient on the west coast of Curaçao. Syst. Biodivers. 2018, 16, 820–830. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- IUCN. Coral Reef Resilience Assessment of the Bonaire National Marine Park, Netherlands Antilles; International Union for Conservation of Nature: Gland, Switzerland, 2011; p. 51. [Google Scholar]
- Parsons, G.; Thur, S. Valuing changes in the quality of coral reef ecosystems: A stated preference study of scuba diving in the Bonaire National Marine Park. Environ. Resour. Econ. 2008, 40, 593–608. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jackson, J.B.C.; Donovan, M.; Cramer, K.; Lam, V. (Eds.) Status and Trends of Caribbean Coral Reefs: 1970–2012; Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network, International Union for the Conservation of Nature Global Marine and Polar Program: Washington, DC, USA, 2014. [Google Scholar]
- Bak, R.P.M. Ecological aspects of the distribution of reef corals in the Netherlands Antilles. Bijdr. Dierk. 1975, 45, 181–190. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ostarello, G.L. Natural history of the hydrocoral Allopora californica Verrill (1866). Biol. Bull. Mar. Biol. Lab. Woods Hole 1973, 145, 548–564. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Boschma, H. The species problem in Millepora. Zool. Verh. 1948, 1, 1–115. [Google Scholar]
- de Weerdt, W.H. Taxonomic characters in Caribbean Millepora species (Hydrozoa, Coelenterata). Bijdr. Dierk. 1984, 54, 243–262. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Edmunds, P.J. The role of colony morphology and substratum inclination in the success of Millepora alcicornis on shallow coral reefs. Coral Reefs 1999, 18, 133–140. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sebens, K.P.; Witting, J.; Helmuth, B. Effects of water flow and branch spacing on particle capture by the reef coral Madracis mirabilis (Duchassaing and Michelotti). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 1997, 211, 1–28. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Glynn, P.W. Increased survivorship in corals harboring crustacean symbionts. Mar. Biol. Lett. 1983, 4, 105–111. [Google Scholar]
- Hoeksema, B.W.; van Beusekom, M.; ten Hove, H.A.; Ivanenko, V.N.; van der Meij, S.E.T.; van Moorsel, G.W.N.M. Helioseris cucullata as a host coral at St Eustatius, Dutch Caribbean. Mar. Biodivers. 2017, 47, 71–78. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Montano, S.; Fattorini, S.; Parravicini, V.; Berumen, M.L.; Galli, P.; Maggioni, D.; Arrigoni, R.; Seveso, D.; Strona, G. Corals hosting symbiotic hydrozoans are less susceptible to predation and disease. Proc. R. Soc. B 2017, 284, 20172405. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Montano, S.; Reimer, J.D.; Ivanenko, V.N.; García-Hernández, J.E.; van Moorsel, G.W.N.M.; Galli, P.; Hoeksema, B.W. Widespread Occurrence of a Rarely Known Association between the Hydrocorals Stylaster roseus and Millepora alcicornis at Bonaire, Southern Caribbean. Diversity 2020, 12, 218. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12060218
Montano S, Reimer JD, Ivanenko VN, García-Hernández JE, van Moorsel GWNM, Galli P, Hoeksema BW. Widespread Occurrence of a Rarely Known Association between the Hydrocorals Stylaster roseus and Millepora alcicornis at Bonaire, Southern Caribbean. Diversity. 2020; 12(6):218. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12060218
Chicago/Turabian StyleMontano, Simone, James D. Reimer, Viatcheslav N. Ivanenko, Jaaziel E. García-Hernández, Godfried W.N.M. van Moorsel, Paolo Galli, and Bert W. Hoeksema. 2020. "Widespread Occurrence of a Rarely Known Association between the Hydrocorals Stylaster roseus and Millepora alcicornis at Bonaire, Southern Caribbean" Diversity 12, no. 6: 218. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12060218
APA StyleMontano, S., Reimer, J. D., Ivanenko, V. N., García-Hernández, J. E., van Moorsel, G. W. N. M., Galli, P., & Hoeksema, B. W. (2020). Widespread Occurrence of a Rarely Known Association between the Hydrocorals Stylaster roseus and Millepora alcicornis at Bonaire, Southern Caribbean. Diversity, 12(6), 218. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12060218