Analysis of Mechanisms of T-2 Toxin Toxicity Using Yeast DNA Microarrays
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Conditions for T-2 toxin treatment
2.2. Overview of T-2 toxin induced genes, cellular location and functional distribution
2.3. T-2 toxin causes the oxidative stress, and causes the energy scarcity in yeast
2.4. T-2 toxin induced cell arrest, decreased DNA repair system, and inhibited the synthesis and the processing of the ribosome
2.5. Mutagenicity in the T-2 toxin
2.6. Biomarker Genes for T-2 toxin and cluster analysis
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Strains, growth conditions and T-2 toxin treatment
3.2. DNA microarray analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References and Notes
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Systematic | Normalized | Common | Description |
---|---|---|---|
YJL089W | 15.7 | SIP4 | interacts with SNF1 protein kinase |
YOL156W | 15.7 | HXT11 | Hxt family protein with intrinsic hexose transport activity |
YJL219W | 12.8 | HXT9 | Hxt family protein with intrinsic hexose transport activity |
YNL279W | 12.4 | PRM1 | similarity to S. pombe coiled-coil protein of unknown function |
YOL052C-A | 12.0 | DDR2 | heat shock protein DDRA2 |
YHR137W | 11.4 | ARO9 | aromatic amino acid aminotransferase II |
YIL170W | 10.7 | HXT12 | strong similarity to sugar transport proteins |
YFL058W | 9.4 | THI5 | pyrimidine biosynthesis protein |
YBL016W | 8.4 | FUS3 | mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) |
YBR296C | 8.2 | PHO89 | Na+/phosphate co-transporter |
YOR303W | 7.8 | CPA1 | arginine-specific carbamoylphosphate synthase, small chain |
YOR100C | 7.5 | CRC1 | mitochondrial carnitine carrier |
YMR017W | 7.5 | SPO20 | Dbf2p interacting protein |
YGL255W | 7.4 | ZRT1 | zinc transporter I |
YFL026W | 7.3 | STE2 | pheromone alpha-factor receptor |
YHR018C | 7.3 | ARG4 | arginosuccinate lyase |
YGR213C | 7.2 | RTA1 | involved in 7-aminocholesterol resistance |
YHL021C | 6.9 | FMP12 | weak similarity to Pseudomonas gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase |
YJR078W | 6.8 | BNA2 | tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase |
YAR020C | 6.7 | PAU7 | strong similarity to members of the Srp1p/Tip1p family |
YJR156C | 6.6 | THI11 | thiamine regulated gene, homologous to nmt1a in S. pombe |
YOR388C | 6.6 | FDH1 | strong similarity to H.polymorpha formate dehydrogenase |
YDR380W | 6.5 | ARO10 | similarity to Pdc6p, Thi3p and to pyruvate decarboxylases |
YPL280W | 6.5 | HSP32 | strong similarity to YMR322c and YDR533c |
YOL119C | 6.3 | MCH4 | similarity to monocarboxylate transporter proteins |
YOR222W | 6.3 | ODC2 | mitochondrial 2-oxodicarboxylate carrier |
YJR109C | 6.2 | CPA2 | arginine-specific carbamoylphosphate synthase, large chain |
YPL250C | 6.2 | ICY2 | interacting with the cytoskeleton |
YJL088W | 6.2 | ARG3 | ornithine carbamoyltransferase |
YIL117C | 6.2 | PRM5 | similarity to hypothetical protein YNL058c |
YGR055W | 6.0 | MUP1 | high affinity methionine permease |
YHR021W-A | 6.0 | ECM12 | probably involved in cell wall structure or biogenesis |
YFL053W | 6.0 | DAK2 | dihydroxyacetone kinase |
YCL055W | 5.9 | KAR4 | regulatory protein required for pheromone induction of karyogamy genes |
YPL135W | 5.8 | ISU1 | strong similarity to nitrogen fixation protein (nifU) |
YLR142W | 5.8 | PUT1 | proline oxidase |
YMR096W | 5.7 | SNZ1 | stationary phase protein |
YML042W | 5.7 | CAT2 | carnitine O-acetyltransferase |
YPL223C | 5.7 | GRE1 | induced by osmotic stress |
YMR159C | 5.7 | ATG16 | coiled-coil protein required for autophagy |
YDL244W | 5.6 | THI13 | strong similarity to Thi5p, YJR156c, YNL332w and A. parasiticus, S. pombe nmt1 protein |
YGR161C | 5.3 | RTS3 | hypothetical protein |
YNL125C | 5.3 | ESBP6 | similarity to YKL221w and human X-linked PEST-containing transporter |
YKL217W | 5.0 | JEN1 | Lactate and pyruvate permease |
Systematic No. | Fold | Common name | Description | Function |
---|---|---|---|---|
C-compound and carbohydrate metabolism | ||||
YOR388C | 6.6 | FDH1 | NADH regeneration | detoxification |
YFL053W | 6.0 | DAK2 | dihydroxyacetone kinase | stress |
YDL243C | 4.3 | AAD4 | strong similarity to aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase | oxidative stress |
YFL056C | 4.0 | AAD6 | strong similarity to aryl-alcohol dehydrogenases | oxidative stress |
YCR105W | 3.8 | ADH7 | NADP(H)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase | oxidative stress |
YFL014W | 3.7 | HSP12 | heat shock protein | heat shock |
YFL057C | 3.1 | AAD16 | aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase | oxidative stress |
YAL021C | 3.1 | CCR4 | transcriptional regulator | response to drug |
YOR178C | 2.8 | GAC1 | ser/thr phosphoprotein phosphatase 1, regulatory chain | heat shock protein binding |
YNL331C | 2.6 | AAD14 | strong similarity aryl-alcohol reductase | oxidative stress |
YKL062W | 2.5 | MSN4 | transcriptional activator | oxidative stress |
YDL066W | 2.5 | IDP1 | isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+), mitochondrial | NADPH production |
YER073W | 2.4 | ALD5 | aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+), mitochondrial | oxidative stress |
YML070W | 2.3 | DAK1 | dihydroxyacetone kinase, induced in high salt | response to stress |
YGR019W | 2.3 | UGA1 | 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase | oxidative stress |
Glycolysis and glyconeogenesis | ||||
YJL089W | 15.7 | SIP4 | interacts with SNF1 protein kinase | the positive regulation of gluconeogenesis |
YCR105W | 3.8 | ADH7 | NADP(H)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase | oxidative stress |
YBR105C | 3.4 | VID24 | required for vacuolar import and degradation of Fbp1p | negative regulation of gluconeogenesis |
YCL040W | 2.9 | GLK1 | aldohexose specific glucokinase | glucose import |
YLR377C | 2.9 | FBP1 | fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase | gluconeogenesis |
YOR347C | 2.9 | PYK2 | pyruvate kinase, glucose-repressed isoform | glycolysis |
YJL155C | 2.1 | FBP26 | fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase | gluconeogenesis |
Systematic No. | Normalized | Common | Description |
---|---|---|---|
YDR076W | 2.5 | RAD55 | DNA repair protein |
YER095W | 1.5 | RAD51 | DNA repair protein |
YDR004W | 1.5 | RAD57 | DNA repair protein |
YER171W | 1.3 | RAD3 | DNA helicase/ATPase |
YER162C | 1.3 | RAD4 | excision repair protein |
YER173W | 1.2 | RAD24 | cell cycle checkpoint protein |
YER095W | 1.5 | RAD51 | DNA repair protein |
YDR004W | 1.5 | RAD57 | DNA repair protein |
YER143W | 1.3 | DDI1 | induced in response to DNA alkylation damage |
YPL164C | 1.2 | MLH3 | insertion and deletion mismatch repair protein |
YBR272C | 1.1 | HSM3 | mismatch repair protein |
YJR052W | 1.1 | RAD7 | nucleotide excision repair protein |
YCR092C | 1.1 | MSH3 | DNA mismatch repair protein |
YJR035W | 1.1 | RAD26 | DNA repair and recombination protein |
YML032C | 1.0 | RAD52 | recombination and DNA repair protein |
YGL163C | 1.0 | RAD54 | DNA-dependent ATPase of the Snf2p family |
YML095C | 1.0 | RAD10 | DNA repair protein |
YDL059C | 0.9 | RAD59 | recombination and DNA repair protein |
YPL022W | 0.9 | RAD1 | component of the nucleotide excision repairosome |
YDR030C | 0.8 | RAD28 | protein involved in the same pathway as Rad26p |
YNL250W | 0.8 | RAD50 | DNA repair protein |
YMR201C | 0.8 | RAD14 | nucleotide excision repair protein |
YGR258C | 0.8 | RAD2 | structure-specific nuclease of the nucleotide excision repairosome |
YBR114W | 0.8 | RAD16 | nucleotide excision repair protein |
YLR032W | 0.7 | RAD5 | DNA helicase |
YHR120W | 0.7 | MSH1 | DNA mismatch repair protein, mitochondrial |
YGL058W | 0.6 | RAD6 | E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme |
YPL153C | 0.5 | RAD53 | ser/thr/tyr protein kinase |
YEL037C | 0.5 | RAD23 | nucleotide excision repair protein (ubiquitin-like protein) |
YER142C | 0.5 | MAG1 | 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase |
YNL082W | 0.4 | PMS1 | DNA mismatch repair protein |
YDR217C | 0.4 | RAD9 | DNA repair checkpoint protein |
YDR097C | 0.4 | MSH6 | DNA mismatch repair protein |
YOL090W | 0.4 | MSH2 | DNA mismatch repair protein |
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Iwahashi, Y.; Kitagawa, E.; Iwahashi, H. Analysis of Mechanisms of T-2 Toxin Toxicity Using Yeast DNA Microarrays. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2008, 9, 2585-2600. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms9122585
Iwahashi Y, Kitagawa E, Iwahashi H. Analysis of Mechanisms of T-2 Toxin Toxicity Using Yeast DNA Microarrays. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2008; 9(12):2585-2600. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms9122585
Chicago/Turabian StyleIwahashi, Yumiko, Emiko Kitagawa, and Hitoshi Iwahashi. 2008. "Analysis of Mechanisms of T-2 Toxin Toxicity Using Yeast DNA Microarrays" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 9, no. 12: 2585-2600. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms9122585