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Volume 27
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

APOA1, DEFB103A_DEFB103B and DSG3 Are Novel Circulating Biomarkers of Psoriasis

by
Monika Dźwigała
1,
Dorota Sys
2,
Joanna Życka-Krzesińska
2,
Beata Rybicka
3,
Piotr Popławski
3,
Irena Walecka-Herniczek
1,
Agnieszka Piekiełko-Witkowska
3,* and
Joanna Bogusławska
2,*
1
Department and Clinic of Dermatology and Paediatric Dermatology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
2
Department of Translational Immunology and Functional Microbiota Research, Centre of Translational Research, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
3
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Translational Research, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(13), 5805; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27135805 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 30 April 2026 / Revised: 3 June 2026 / Accepted: 24 June 2026 / Published: 26 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Genetic and Epigenetic Research in Skin Diseases)
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Abstract

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune skin disease for which no standardised and reliable molecular biomarkers of disease course or activity are currently available. Here, we aimed to identify serum biomarkers of psoriasis. Serum samples from 40 patients with psoriasis and 40 healthy volunteers were analysed using ELISA and Proximity Extension Assay proteomics. ELISA revealed significantly increased serum levels of AGO2 and APOA1 in psoriatic patients versus controls, with a strong association between APOA1 and psoriasis (OR = 20.72, 95% CI of 4.57–93.87, p = 0.000137). Targeted serum proteomics additionally identified 35 differentially expressed proteins, including well-known psoriasis drivers (e.g., top upregulated IL17A and SERPINB4). The most downregulated was adrenomedullin (ADM, FC = −10.12). For 14 altered proteins, no previous direct associations with psoriasis were reported. Among them, DEFB103A_DEFB103B and DSG3 showed the best discrimination between psoriasis and control samples, while SERPINB4 correlated with psoriasis severity. APOA1, DEFB103A_DEFB103B, and DSG3 emerge as novel candidate circulating psoriasis biomarkers, and SERPINB4 as a biomarker of psoriasis severity. The functional role of DSG3 and other newly identified proteins (ACRV1, HAO1, ADH4, GPD1, GFER, PTGES2, DSG3, AFAP1L1, GALNT3, RASGRP2, MAP2K6, LXN, NBEAL2, and VPS54) in psoriasis requires further studies.
Keywords: psoriasis; autoimmunity; cytokines; AGO2; APOA1; DEFB103A; DEFB103B; DSG3; SERPINB4; serum biomarkers psoriasis; autoimmunity; cytokines; AGO2; APOA1; DEFB103A; DEFB103B; DSG3; SERPINB4; serum biomarkers
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MDPI and ACS Style

Dźwigała, M.; Sys, D.; Życka-Krzesińska, J.; Rybicka, B.; Popławski, P.; Walecka-Herniczek, I.; Piekiełko-Witkowska, A.; Bogusławska, J. APOA1, DEFB103A_DEFB103B and DSG3 Are Novel Circulating Biomarkers of Psoriasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27, 5805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27135805

AMA Style

Dźwigała M, Sys D, Życka-Krzesińska J, Rybicka B, Popławski P, Walecka-Herniczek I, Piekiełko-Witkowska A, Bogusławska J. APOA1, DEFB103A_DEFB103B and DSG3 Are Novel Circulating Biomarkers of Psoriasis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2026; 27(13):5805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27135805

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dźwigała, Monika, Dorota Sys, Joanna Życka-Krzesińska, Beata Rybicka, Piotr Popławski, Irena Walecka-Herniczek, Agnieszka Piekiełko-Witkowska, and Joanna Bogusławska. 2026. "APOA1, DEFB103A_DEFB103B and DSG3 Are Novel Circulating Biomarkers of Psoriasis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 27, no. 13: 5805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27135805

APA Style

Dźwigała, M., Sys, D., Życka-Krzesińska, J., Rybicka, B., Popławski, P., Walecka-Herniczek, I., Piekiełko-Witkowska, A., & Bogusławska, J. (2026). APOA1, DEFB103A_DEFB103B and DSG3 Are Novel Circulating Biomarkers of Psoriasis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 27(13), 5805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27135805

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