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Retraction of Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14(3), 4580-4595.
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Retraction

RETRACTED: Tomassoni et al. Brain Activity of Thioctic Acid Enantiomers: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies in an Animal Model of Cerebrovascular Injury. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 4580–4595

by
Daniele Tomassoni
1,
Francesco Amenta
2,
Consuelo Amantini
2,
Valerio Farfariello
2,3,
Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
4,
Innocent E. Nwankwo
2,
Carlotta Marini
5 and
Seyed Khosrow Tayebati
2,*
1
School of Biosciences and Biotechnologies, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
2
School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
3
Department of Urology and Andrology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
4
Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
5
School of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(10), 4539; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27104539
Submission received: 11 November 2025 / Accepted: 26 February 2026 / Published: 19 May 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Biochemistry)
Versions Notes
The journal retracts the article, “Brain Activity of Thioctic Acid Enantiomers: In Vitro and in Vivo Studies in an Animal Model of Cerebrovascular Injury” [1].
Following publication, concerns were brought to the attention of the Editorial Office regarding the integrity of a number of images presented in this publication [1].
Adhering to our standard procedure, an investigation was conducted by the Editorial Office and Editorial Board that identified indications of inappropriate editing and partial duplication between Figures 4 and 5 of this publication [1]. While the authors acknowledged these concerns and fully collaborated within this process, the explanations and supporting materials provided were not deemed sufficient by the Editorial Board to resolve the identified concerns. As a result, the Editorial Board has lost confidence in the reliability of the findings, and has decided to retract this publication, as per MDPI’s retraction policy.
This retraction was approved by the Editor-in-Chief of the journal IJMS.
The authors have been informed of this retraction and have indicated their disagreement with this decision.

Reference

  1. Tomassoni, D.; Amenta, F.; Amantini, C.; Farfariello, V.; Di Cesare Mannelli, L.; Nwankwo, I.E.; Marini, C.; Tayebati, S.K. RETRACTED: Brain Activity of Thioctic Acid Enantiomers: In Vitro and in Vivo Studies in an Animal Model of Cerebrovascular Injury. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 4580–4595. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tomassoni, D.; Amenta, F.; Amantini, C.; Farfariello, V.; Di Cesare Mannelli, L.; Nwankwo, I.E.; Marini, C.; Tayebati, S.K. RETRACTED: Tomassoni et al. Brain Activity of Thioctic Acid Enantiomers: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies in an Animal Model of Cerebrovascular Injury. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 4580–4595. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27, 4539. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27104539

AMA Style

Tomassoni D, Amenta F, Amantini C, Farfariello V, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Nwankwo IE, Marini C, Tayebati SK. RETRACTED: Tomassoni et al. Brain Activity of Thioctic Acid Enantiomers: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies in an Animal Model of Cerebrovascular Injury. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 4580–4595. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2026; 27(10):4539. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27104539

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomassoni, Daniele, Francesco Amenta, Consuelo Amantini, Valerio Farfariello, Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli, Innocent E. Nwankwo, Carlotta Marini, and Seyed Khosrow Tayebati. 2026. "RETRACTED: Tomassoni et al. Brain Activity of Thioctic Acid Enantiomers: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies in an Animal Model of Cerebrovascular Injury. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 4580–4595" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 27, no. 10: 4539. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27104539

APA Style

Tomassoni, D., Amenta, F., Amantini, C., Farfariello, V., Di Cesare Mannelli, L., Nwankwo, I. E., Marini, C., & Tayebati, S. K. (2026). RETRACTED: Tomassoni et al. Brain Activity of Thioctic Acid Enantiomers: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies in an Animal Model of Cerebrovascular Injury. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 4580–4595. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 27(10), 4539. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27104539

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