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Volume 27
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10.3390/ijms27010303
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Dendritic Cells Provide a Reliable In Vitro Platform for Functional Screening of Immunoregulatory Probiotics

by
Yin-Ling Chiang
1,
Men-Yee Chiew
2,
Sheng-Jye Lim
2,
Ding-Li Chou
3,†,
Huai-En Lu
2,* and
Ching-Ping Tseng
1,3,*
1
Industrial Development Graduate Program, College of Engineering Bioscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
2
Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
3
Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Engineering Bioscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Current address: Bio Race International Inc., Zhubei City 302005, Taiwan.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(1), 303; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010303 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 24 November 2025 / Revised: 17 December 2025 / Accepted: 25 December 2025 / Published: 27 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Biology)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The immunoregulatory effects of probiotics have been widely studied, particularly in maintaining immune balance. Conventional in vitro functional screening of probiotics relies on fresh donor-derived primary immune cells, which often exhibit significant inter-individual and temporal variability, limiting reproducibility and interpretation. As an alternative, human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived dendritic cells were co-cultured with five probiotic strains in the current study to evaluate their immunomodulatory interactions. To assess whether cytokines produced by probiotic-stimulated dendritic cells can influence T cell differentiation, human CD4+ T cells were exposed to the conditioned medium derived from co-cultures. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results demonstrated that iPSC-derived dendritic cells secreted cytokines at distinct concentrations in response to different probiotic strains, suggesting that these cells can distinguish between different microbial stimuli, and supporting their use in functional probiotic screening. Among the five strains tested, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LPA-56, Limosilactobacillus reuteri RU-23, and Lactobacillus fermentum Fem-99 induced cytokine production levels that promoted the differentiation of the human CD4+ T cells into regulatory T cells. These findings demonstrate that iPSC-derived dendritic cells have immunomodulatory potential, are reliable for in vitro screening of probiotics, and offer a promising strategy for selecting potent immunoregulatory probiotic candidates.
Keywords: induced pluripotent stem cell; dendritic cell; probiotic; co-culture; CD4+ T cell induced pluripotent stem cell; dendritic cell; probiotic; co-culture; CD4+ T cell

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Chiang, Y.-L.; Chiew, M.-Y.; Lim, S.-J.; Chou, D.-L.; Lu, H.-E.; Tseng, C.-P. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Dendritic Cells Provide a Reliable In Vitro Platform for Functional Screening of Immunoregulatory Probiotics. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27, 303. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010303

AMA Style

Chiang Y-L, Chiew M-Y, Lim S-J, Chou D-L, Lu H-E, Tseng C-P. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Dendritic Cells Provide a Reliable In Vitro Platform for Functional Screening of Immunoregulatory Probiotics. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2026; 27(1):303. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010303

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chiang, Yin-Ling, Men-Yee Chiew, Sheng-Jye Lim, Ding-Li Chou, Huai-En Lu, and Ching-Ping Tseng. 2026. "Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Dendritic Cells Provide a Reliable In Vitro Platform for Functional Screening of Immunoregulatory Probiotics" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 27, no. 1: 303. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010303

APA Style

Chiang, Y.-L., Chiew, M.-Y., Lim, S.-J., Chou, D.-L., Lu, H.-E., & Tseng, C.-P. (2026). Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Dendritic Cells Provide a Reliable In Vitro Platform for Functional Screening of Immunoregulatory Probiotics. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 27(1), 303. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010303

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