Thromboinflammatory Biomarkers in Lymphomas: Linking Inflammation to Thrombosis Risk
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Expression of Inflammatory and Coagulation Factors in Lymphomas
2.2. Inflammatory Response Through Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Lymphomas
2.3. The Platelet and Monocyte as Carriers of Circulating Tissue Factor Microparticles in Lymphomas
2.4. Platelet–Monocyte Aggregates and Platelets Activation in Lymphomas
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Patients’ Characteristics
4.2. Isolation and Preparation Cells from Peripheral Blood
4.3. ELISA Assay
4.4. Determination of NET Quantity from the Plasma of the Patients and Healthy Controls
4.5. Flow Cytometry
4.6. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Spearman or Pearson | HGB/ PT-s | MCV/ aPTT | MCH/ β2M | MCHC/MPV | RDW/ PDW | PLT/ ECOG PS | PCT/ Bulky | INR/ Khorana Score | PT%/ ECOG PS | Fibrinogen | ESR/ThroLy Score | NLR/ CRP | PLR | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IL-1β | ρ/r | 0.203 | 0.17 | 0.259 | 0.324 | −0.256 | −0.217 | −0.231 | −0.213 | −0.214 | −0.246 | −0.175 | −0.22 | |
95% CI | 0.032–0.36 | −0.002–0.33 | 0.09–0.41 | 0.16–0.47 | −0.41–−0.09 | −0.37–−0.05 | −0.39–−0.06 | −0.37–−0.04 | −0.37–−0.04 | −0.4–−0.076 | −0.34–−0.003 | −0.38–−0.05 | ||
p value | 0.017 | 0.046 | 0.002 | 0.0001 | 0.002 | 0.011 | 0.006 | 0.013 | 0.012 | 0.004 | 0.04 | 0.01 | ||
FVIII | ρ/r | 0.175 | 0.214 | 0.267 | 0.254 | −0.278 | 0.335 | |||||||
95% CI | 0.003–0.337 | 0.043–0.37 | 0.1–0.42 | 0.086–0.41 | −0.43–−0.11 | 0.029–0.58 | ||||||||
p value | 0.04 | 0.012 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.028 | ||||||||
IL-8 | ρ/r | −0.214 | 0.245 | 0.237 | 0.204 | −0.301 | −0.213 | −0.302 | −0.216 | −0.181 | −0.235 | |||
95% CI | −0.37–−0.04 | 0.07–0.4 | 0.07–0.39 | 0.03–0.36 | −0.45–−0.14 | −0.37–−0.04 | −0.559–0.007 | −0.37–−0.045 | −0.34–−0.009 | −0.39–−0.07 | ||||
p value | 0.012 | 0.004 | 0.005 | 0.017 | 0.0003 | 0.012 | 0.049 | 0.0111 | 0.0336 | 0.0055 | ||||
Fibrinogen | ρ/r | −0.24 | −0.236 | 0.1977 | −0.468 * | |||||||||
95% CI | −0.4–−0.07 | −0.39–−0.066 | 0.03–0.36 | −0.744–−0.057 | ||||||||||
p value | 0.0045 | 0.0054 | 0.0201 | 0.0242 | ||||||||||
TNF-α | ρ/r | −0.185 | −0.173 | −0.204 | 0.2617 | 0.2699 | −0.624 * | |||||||
95% CI | −0.35–−0.013 | −0.34–−0.001 | −0.36–−0.032 | 0.09–0.42 | 0.1–0.42 | −0.828–−0.274 | ||||||||
p value | 0.0301 | 0.0422 | 0.017 | 0.0019 | 0.0014 | 0.0014 | ||||||||
P-selectin | ρ/r | 0.168 | −0.192 | −0.275 | −0.288 | 0.272 | −0.424 | 0.169 | −0.211 | 0.184 | ||||
95% CI | −0.01–0.33 | −0.35–−0.021 | −0.43–−0.11 | −0.44–−0.12 | 0.1–0.42 | −0.718–−0.001 | −0.003–0.33 | −0.37–−0.04 | 0.012–0.35 | |||||
p value | 0.0496 | 0.024 | 0.0011 | 0.0006 | 0.0013 | 0.043 | 0.047 | 0.0145 | 0.0314 | |||||
MCP-1 | ρ/r | −0.191 | −0.178 | 0.1775 | ||||||||||
95% CI | −0.35–−0.02 | −0.34–−0.006 | 0.004–0.34 | |||||||||||
p value | 0.0249 | 0.0366 | 0.0394 | |||||||||||
Thrombin | ρ/r | −0.24 | 0.222 | 0.2391 | −0.245 | −0.21 | −0.216 | 0.244 | −0.222 | −0.214 | −0.305 | −0.313 | ||
95% CI | −0.4–−0.07 | 0.05–0.38 | 0.0–0.39 | −0.4–−0.08 | −0.37–−0.04 | −0.37–−0.05 | 0.07–0.4 | −0.380.05 | −0.37–−0.04 | −0.45–−0.14 | −0.46–−0.15 | |||
p value | 0.0045 | 0.0089 | 0.0047 | 0.0038 | 0.0137 | 0.01 | 0.0044 | 0.0087 | 0.0128 | 0.0003 | 0.0002 | |||
TGF-β1 | ρ/r | 0.264 | 0.261 | 0.23 | ||||||||||
95% CI | 0.05–0.46 | 0.045–0.45 | 0.013–0.43 | |||||||||||
p value | 0.0142 | 0.0157 | 0.033 | |||||||||||
MPO | ρ/r | 0.55 * | −0.56 * | |||||||||||
95% CI | 0.05–0.83 | −0.84–−0.05 | ||||||||||||
p value | 0.035 | 0.032 | ||||||||||||
cfDNA | ρ/r | −0.46 | −0.44 | 0.447 | 0.355 | −0.588 | 0.429 | |||||||
95% CI | −0.68–−0.16 | −0.67–−0.122 | 0.13–0.679 | 0.02–0.615 | −0.85–−0.108 | 0.11–0.667 | ||||||||
p value | 0.004 | 0.007 | 0.006 | 0.031 | 0.021 | 0.008 |
Spearman | P-Selectin | Tissue Factor | Fibrinogen | TNF-α | MPO | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lymphoma (no thrombosis n = 106 and with thrombosis n = 33) | ||||||
Clinical stage | ρ | 0.205 | 0.228 | −0.372 | ||
95% CI | 0.01–0.39 | 0.03–0.41 | −0.65–−0.009 | |||
p value | 0.035 | 0.018 | 0.039 | |||
International Prognostic Index (IPI) | ρ | −0.357 | −0.242 | −0.448 | ||
95% CI | −0.64–0.008 | −0.42–−0.05 | −0.698–−0.1 | |||
p value | 0.049 | 0.012 | 0.012 | |||
DLBCL (no thrombosis n = 43 and with thrombosis n = 24) | ||||||
Clinical stage | ρ | −0.34 | 0.466 | |||
95% CI | −0.587–−0.035 | 0.12–0.71 | ||||
p value | 0.026 | 0.008 | ||||
International Prognostic Index (IPI) | ρ | −0.426 | ||||
95% CI | −0.714–−0.014 | |||||
p value | 0.038 |
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Živković, E.; Mitrović-Ajtić, O.; Subotički, T.; Ivanović, J.; Otašević, V.; Đikić, D.; Diklić, M.; Vukotić, M.; Dragojević, T.; Stanisavljević, D.; et al. Thromboinflammatory Biomarkers in Lymphomas: Linking Inflammation to Thrombosis Risk. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 2058. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26052058
Živković E, Mitrović-Ajtić O, Subotički T, Ivanović J, Otašević V, Đikić D, Diklić M, Vukotić M, Dragojević T, Stanisavljević D, et al. Thromboinflammatory Biomarkers in Lymphomas: Linking Inflammation to Thrombosis Risk. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(5):2058. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26052058
Chicago/Turabian StyleŽivković, Emilija, Olivera Mitrović-Ajtić, Tijana Subotički, Jelena Ivanović, Vladimir Otašević, Dragoslava Đikić, Miloš Diklić, Milica Vukotić, Teodora Dragojević, Dejana Stanisavljević, and et al. 2025. "Thromboinflammatory Biomarkers in Lymphomas: Linking Inflammation to Thrombosis Risk" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 5: 2058. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26052058
APA StyleŽivković, E., Mitrović-Ajtić, O., Subotički, T., Ivanović, J., Otašević, V., Đikić, D., Diklić, M., Vukotić, M., Dragojević, T., Stanisavljević, D., Antić, D., & Čokić, V. P. (2025). Thromboinflammatory Biomarkers in Lymphomas: Linking Inflammation to Thrombosis Risk. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(5), 2058. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26052058