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Volume 26
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10.3390/ijms262311299
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Ethanolic Extract of Kinkeliba (Combretum micranthum), Rich in Phenolic Compounds Mitigates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in C57BL/6 Mice via Antioxidation and Microbiota Regulation

by
Ibrahima Mamadou Sall
1,
Dan Cristian Vodnar
2,
Gheorghe Adrian Martău
2,
Meriem Aziez
3,
Alina Diana Haşaş
4,
Dragoş Hodor
1 and
Alexandru Flaviu Tăbăran
1,*
1
Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
2
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
3
Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Ethnobotany, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
4
Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(23), 11299; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311299 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 9 October 2025 / Revised: 11 November 2025 / Accepted: 19 November 2025 / Published: 22 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Antioxidation, Antimicrobial, and Cytoprotective Properties)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and current therapies are limited by adverse side effects. Combretum micranthum G. Don (kinkeliba), a medicinal plant traditionally used in West Africa, has been reported to possess pharmacological activities and a favorable safety profile. In this study, an ethanolic extract of Combretum micranthum (EECM) was characterized using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS to identify its phenolic constituents. Acute colitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice using 3% DSS, while EECM (100 and 200 mg/kg) was administered orally for seven days. Disease Activity Index was monitored daily, and colonic injuries were evaluated through macroscopic and histological analyses, as well as hematological and biochemical assessments. In vitro, EECM contained 293.54 mg/g of total phenolic compounds and showed strong antioxidant activity in DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Furthermore, the extract exhibited antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, and Streptococcus pyogenes at various concentrations. In contrast, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were not affected at the tested concentrations. No antifungal activity was detected against the filamentous fungus Aspergillus brasiliensis and the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida albicans. In vivo, EECM alleviated the clinical signs of colitis, reduced histological damage, and modulated hematological and biochemical parameters. Overall, EECM exhibited significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and may represent a promising natural candidate for IBD management. Further investigations into chronic experimental models are necessary to establish their therapeutic relevance.
Keywords: Combretum micranthum G. Don; inflammatory bowel disease; DSS-induced colitis; phenolic compounds; HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS Combretum micranthum G. Don; inflammatory bowel disease; DSS-induced colitis; phenolic compounds; HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sall, I.M.; Vodnar, D.C.; Martău, G.A.; Aziez, M.; Haşaş, A.D.; Hodor, D.; Tăbăran, A.F. Ethanolic Extract of Kinkeliba (Combretum micranthum), Rich in Phenolic Compounds Mitigates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in C57BL/6 Mice via Antioxidation and Microbiota Regulation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 11299. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311299

AMA Style

Sall IM, Vodnar DC, Martău GA, Aziez M, Haşaş AD, Hodor D, Tăbăran AF. Ethanolic Extract of Kinkeliba (Combretum micranthum), Rich in Phenolic Compounds Mitigates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in C57BL/6 Mice via Antioxidation and Microbiota Regulation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(23):11299. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311299

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sall, Ibrahima Mamadou, Dan Cristian Vodnar, Gheorghe Adrian Martău, Meriem Aziez, Alina Diana Haşaş, Dragoş Hodor, and Alexandru Flaviu Tăbăran. 2025. "Ethanolic Extract of Kinkeliba (Combretum micranthum), Rich in Phenolic Compounds Mitigates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in C57BL/6 Mice via Antioxidation and Microbiota Regulation" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 23: 11299. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311299

APA Style

Sall, I. M., Vodnar, D. C., Martău, G. A., Aziez, M., Haşaş, A. D., Hodor, D., & Tăbăran, A. F. (2025). Ethanolic Extract of Kinkeliba (Combretum micranthum), Rich in Phenolic Compounds Mitigates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in C57BL/6 Mice via Antioxidation and Microbiota Regulation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(23), 11299. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311299

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