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10.3390/ijms26199763
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Predictors of Fasting Endogenous Erythritol and Erythronate Concentrations in Humans: Cross-Sectional and Post-Bariatric Surgery Analyses

by
Emilie Flad
1,2,†,
Anita Altstädt
1,2,†,
Jürgen Drewe
3,
Stefan Gaugler
4,
Christoph Beglinger
5,
Ralph Peterli
2,
Bettina K. Wölnerhanssen
1,2,‡ and
Anne Christin Meyer-Gerspach
1,2,*,‡
1
St. Clara Research Ltd. at St. Claraspital, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
2
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
3
Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
4
Institute for Chemistry and Bioanalytics, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
5
Medical Faculty, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
‡
These authors also contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(19), 9763; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199763
Submission received: 13 August 2025 / Accepted: 6 October 2025 / Published: 7 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The sugar alcohol erythritol occurs naturally in fruits and fermented foods, is used as a sweetener, and is also endogenously synthesized via the pentose-phosphate pathway and metabolized into erythronate. Untargeted metabolomic studies have associated elevated plasma erythritol and erythronate concentrations with metabolic disorders, while weight loss has been linked to decreased plasma erythritol concentrations. In this trial, two complementary analyses were performed to identify predictors of fasting erythritol and erythronate concentrations across different populations and to assess changes in these metabolites following bariatric surgery-induced weight loss. Fasting plasma samples from 30 lean adolescents, 50 lean adults, and 138 adults with obesity (including 15 who had undergone bariatric surgery) were analyzed to measure erythritol, erythronate, glucose, and insulin concentrations. Across all populations, age but not body mass index (BMI), glucose, or insulin, was a significant predictor of fasting erythritol concentrations. Fasting erythronate concentrations were associated with both age and BMI. Post-surgery, change in BMI but not fasting glucose or insulin was a predictor of changes in fasting erythritol concentrations, while time was the only predictor of changes in fasting erythronate concentrations. Although the metabolic processes regulating the endogenous erythritol and erythronate production remain unclear, our findings suggest that age-related physiological changes may influence fasting concentrations of both erythritol and erythronate.
Keywords: erythritol; erythronate; endogenous; bariatric surgery erythritol; erythronate; endogenous; bariatric surgery

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MDPI and ACS Style

Flad, E.; Altstädt, A.; Drewe, J.; Gaugler, S.; Beglinger, C.; Peterli, R.; Wölnerhanssen, B.K.; Meyer-Gerspach, A.C. Predictors of Fasting Endogenous Erythritol and Erythronate Concentrations in Humans: Cross-Sectional and Post-Bariatric Surgery Analyses. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 9763. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199763

AMA Style

Flad E, Altstädt A, Drewe J, Gaugler S, Beglinger C, Peterli R, Wölnerhanssen BK, Meyer-Gerspach AC. Predictors of Fasting Endogenous Erythritol and Erythronate Concentrations in Humans: Cross-Sectional and Post-Bariatric Surgery Analyses. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(19):9763. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199763

Chicago/Turabian Style

Flad, Emilie, Anita Altstädt, Jürgen Drewe, Stefan Gaugler, Christoph Beglinger, Ralph Peterli, Bettina K. Wölnerhanssen, and Anne Christin Meyer-Gerspach. 2025. "Predictors of Fasting Endogenous Erythritol and Erythronate Concentrations in Humans: Cross-Sectional and Post-Bariatric Surgery Analyses" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 19: 9763. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199763

APA Style

Flad, E., Altstädt, A., Drewe, J., Gaugler, S., Beglinger, C., Peterli, R., Wölnerhanssen, B. K., & Meyer-Gerspach, A. C. (2025). Predictors of Fasting Endogenous Erythritol and Erythronate Concentrations in Humans: Cross-Sectional and Post-Bariatric Surgery Analyses. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(19), 9763. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199763

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