Next Article in Journal
Activation of Specific Reagents in Molecular Films by Sub-Ionization Electrons: Chlorobenzene/Water Films
Previous Article in Journal
Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Cells into Pancreatic Beta Cells for Disease Modeling and Cell Replacement Therapy for Diabetes
Previous Article in Special Issue
From Molecules to Models: miRNAs and Advanced Human Platforms of Neurodegeneration and Repair in Multiple Sclerosis
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
IJMS
Volume 26
Issue 17
10.3390/ijms26178750
ijms-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Exploring the Prognostic Role of Neurofilaments and SEMA3A in Multiple Sclerosis Progression

by
Zbyšek Pavelek
1,2,*,
Ondřej Souček
3,
Jan Krejsek
3,
Ilona Součková
3,
Andrea Popovičová
1,2,
David Matyáš
1,2,
Lukáš Sobíšek
4 and
Michal Novotný
1
1
Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
2
Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
3
Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
4
Novartis, s.r.o., 14000 Prague, Czech Republic
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(17), 8750; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26178750 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 18 July 2025 / Revised: 1 September 2025 / Accepted: 6 September 2025 / Published: 8 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insights in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Neuroimmunology: 2nd Edition)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

The transition from relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) is characterized by an increasing neurodegenerative component. Identifying biomarkers that distinguish these disease stages is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment optimization. This study aimed to compare serum levels of progranulin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A), and neurofilaments between RRMS and SPMS patients and to investigate their correlation with clinical characteristics, including disability measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). This observational study included 118 MS patients (63 RRMS and 55 SPMS). Serum biomarker levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analyses included group comparisons using non-parametric tests and correlation analyses using Pearson’s correlation coefficient with multiple testing corrections. While demographic and clinical parameters significantly differed between groups (p < 0.001), biomarker levels showed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). However, in SPMS patients, SEMA3A correlated positively with neurofilaments (r = 0.359, p = 0.007), and progranulin correlated with IL-6 (r = 0.354, p = 0.008). No significant biomarker correlations with EDSS were found. Although absolute biomarker levels did not distinguish RRMS from SPMS, specific biomarker correlations may reflect processes relevant to disease progression and warrant further longitudinal validation.
Keywords: multiple sclerosis; immunity; functional capacity; neuroimmunology multiple sclerosis; immunity; functional capacity; neuroimmunology

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Pavelek, Z.; Souček, O.; Krejsek, J.; Součková, I.; Popovičová, A.; Matyáš, D.; Sobíšek, L.; Novotný, M. Exploring the Prognostic Role of Neurofilaments and SEMA3A in Multiple Sclerosis Progression. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 8750. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26178750

AMA Style

Pavelek Z, Souček O, Krejsek J, Součková I, Popovičová A, Matyáš D, Sobíšek L, Novotný M. Exploring the Prognostic Role of Neurofilaments and SEMA3A in Multiple Sclerosis Progression. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(17):8750. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26178750

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pavelek, Zbyšek, Ondřej Souček, Jan Krejsek, Ilona Součková, Andrea Popovičová, David Matyáš, Lukáš Sobíšek, and Michal Novotný. 2025. "Exploring the Prognostic Role of Neurofilaments and SEMA3A in Multiple Sclerosis Progression" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 17: 8750. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26178750

APA Style

Pavelek, Z., Souček, O., Krejsek, J., Součková, I., Popovičová, A., Matyáš, D., Sobíšek, L., & Novotný, M. (2025). Exploring the Prognostic Role of Neurofilaments and SEMA3A in Multiple Sclerosis Progression. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(17), 8750. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26178750

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop