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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Triglycerides as Determinants of Global Lipoprotein Derangement: Implications for Cardiovascular Prevention

by
Núria Amigó
1,2,3,
Pol Torné
3,
Liv T. Nordestgaard
4,5,
Francesco Di Giacomo-Barbagallo
6,7,
Carla Merino
3,
Paolo Magni
8,9,
Ana Gonzalez-Lleó
6,10,11,
Natalia Andreychuk
10,11,
Alberico L. Catapano
8,9,
Lluís Masana
10,11,* and
Daiana Ibarretxe
10,11
1
Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
2
Institut Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
3
Biosfer Teslab, 43204 Reus, Spain
4
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital–Herlev and Gentofte, BorgmesterIb Juuls Vej 1, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
5
Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
6
Unitat de Medicina Vascular i Metabolisme, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, 43204 Reus, Spain
7
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy
8
Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
9
Multimedica IRCCS, Sesto S. Giovanni, 20099 Milan, Italy
10
Unitat de Recerca en Lipids i Arteriosclerosis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
11
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabòlicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
 
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*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(17), 8284; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26178284
Submission received: 28 July 2025 / Revised: 18 August 2025 / Accepted: 25 August 2025 / Published: 26 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Lipoprotein in Cardiovascular Disease)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Plasma triglyceride levels are a strong cardiovascular risk marker. However, triglyceride–lowering therapies have not demonstrated a reduction in cardiovascular events, suggesting that triglycerides may serve as surrogate markers for other atherogenic mechanisms. The aim is to investigate the role of triglycerides in derangements of the global lipoprotein profile, as assessed by 1H–NMR spectroscopy. Serum lipoprotein profiles were analyzed in patients with metabolic alterations attending the Lipid Unit of a University hospital (n = 822). Lipoprotein particle number, size, and composition were evaluated and visualized through a graphic representation of a lipoprotein network analysis referred to lipid silhouette in patients sorted by triglyceride quartiles. Profound alterations in lipoprotein quantity and composition were associated with incremental triglyceride concentrations independently on the presence of diabetes or obesity, including a significantly increased number of VLDL and smaller LDL particles, and higher remnant cholesterol, representing up to 30% of all cholesterol in quartile 4. It was also a significant triglyceride enrichment of LDL and HDL particles. Triglycerides are not merely components of atherogenic dyslipidemia; they are a key driver of the overall changes and are strongly associated with a proatherogenic plasma lipoprotein profile. Visualization of these alterations provides supplementary insights to support cardiovascular prevention strategies.
Keywords: triglycerides; cardiovascular prevention; nuclear magnetic resonance; advanced lipoprotein profile; residual cardiovascular risk; cholesterol triglycerides; cardiovascular prevention; nuclear magnetic resonance; advanced lipoprotein profile; residual cardiovascular risk; cholesterol

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MDPI and ACS Style

Amigó, N.; Torné, P.; Nordestgaard, L.T.; Di Giacomo-Barbagallo, F.; Merino, C.; Magni, P.; Gonzalez-Lleó, A.; Andreychuk, N.; Catapano, A.L.; Masana, L.; et al. Triglycerides as Determinants of Global Lipoprotein Derangement: Implications for Cardiovascular Prevention. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 8284. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26178284

AMA Style

Amigó N, Torné P, Nordestgaard LT, Di Giacomo-Barbagallo F, Merino C, Magni P, Gonzalez-Lleó A, Andreychuk N, Catapano AL, Masana L, et al. Triglycerides as Determinants of Global Lipoprotein Derangement: Implications for Cardiovascular Prevention. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(17):8284. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26178284

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amigó, Núria, Pol Torné, Liv T. Nordestgaard, Francesco Di Giacomo-Barbagallo, Carla Merino, Paolo Magni, Ana Gonzalez-Lleó, Natalia Andreychuk, Alberico L. Catapano, Lluís Masana, and et al. 2025. "Triglycerides as Determinants of Global Lipoprotein Derangement: Implications for Cardiovascular Prevention" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 17: 8284. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26178284

APA Style

Amigó, N., Torné, P., Nordestgaard, L. T., Di Giacomo-Barbagallo, F., Merino, C., Magni, P., Gonzalez-Lleó, A., Andreychuk, N., Catapano, A. L., Masana, L., & Ibarretxe, D. (2025). Triglycerides as Determinants of Global Lipoprotein Derangement: Implications for Cardiovascular Prevention. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(17), 8284. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26178284

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