The Role of Translation-Associated Proteins in p53 Modulation: Mechanisms and Implications

Translation is the final stage of protein synthesis and involves a broad range of proteins—from those directly participating in the process, such as initiation factors and ribosomal components, to those involved in post-translational regulation. Beyond their canonical functions, many of these proteins also influence key signaling pathways, including those regulating cellular stress responses and tumor suppression. This review explores the current knowledge of translation-associated proteins that modulate the tumor-suppressor protein p53. It highlights the roles of ribosomal proteins, stress arising from impaired ribosome biogenesis (nucleolar stress), and various translation-related factors in influencing p53 stability and activity. By integrating findings from diverse studies, this work provides insight into the intricate interplay between translation and p53 signaling, emphasizing its relevance for cellular homeostasis and stress adaptation.