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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Bioactive Properties of Selected European Phellinus Species: A Comprehensive Study

by
Grzegorz Świderski
1,*,
Monika Kalinowska
1,
Ewa Zapora
2,
Marek Wołkowycki
2,
Marcin Stocki
2,
Ewa Ciszkowicz
3,
Aleksandra Bocian
3,
Marcin Jaromin
3,
Mirosław Tyrka
3,
Katarzyna Lecka-Szlachta
3,
Elżbieta Wołejko
1,
Urszula Wydro
1,
Małgorzata Pawłowska
4,
Paweł Golianek
4,
Małgorzata Zawadzka
1,
Qëndrim Ramshaj
5,
Carolina Elena Girometta
6 and
Mitko Karadelev
7
1
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15351 Białystok, Poland
2
Department of Silviculture and Forest Utilization, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15351 Bialystok, Poland
3
Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35959 Rzeszow, Poland
4
Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40B, 20618 Lublin, Poland
5
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Prishtina, St. “Eqrem Çabej”, 10 000, Prishtina, Kosovo
6
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Sant’Epifanio 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
7
Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, St. Cyril and Methodius University, Arhimedova 3, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(16), 8013; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26168013
Submission received: 8 July 2025 / Revised: 29 July 2025 / Accepted: 15 August 2025 / Published: 19 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Insight into Plant Bioactive Compounds)
Versions Notes

Abstract

This study conducted a multi-directional evaluation of the chemical potential and biological properties of selected European fungal species of the genus Phellinus. We investigated 30 samples belonging to 22 Phellinus species. Fruiting bodies were collected, among other specimens, in the Białowieża Forest (Poland); Village Kozhle (North Macedonia); Estremadura, Sesimbra, and Lagoa de Albufeira (Portugal); Zlatari close to Prishtina (Kosovo); and Spoleto and the Bosco Siro Negri State Nature Reserve (Italy). Morphological identification of the collected fungi was carried out, and genetic tests were performed to confirm the identity of the collected specimens. Methanol extracts for biological activity tests were prepared. Screening of antimicrobial activity of 30 methanolic extracts was performed on strains of bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Kocuria rhizophila) and fungi (Candida albicans). Antioxidant activity tests (DPPH and ABTS) were also performed. The three most biologically active fungi species were selected (Phellinus igniarius, Fomitiporia robusta, and Porodaedalea pini) for further research. The chemical composition of the extracts was determined using GC-MS analysis. Thermal decomposition studies and spectroscopic analysis of the dry fruiting bodies were performed. The extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Cytotoxic activity was also tested.
Keywords: Phellinus; medical fungi; cytotoxic study; antimicrobial study Phellinus; medical fungi; cytotoxic study; antimicrobial study

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MDPI and ACS Style

Świderski, G.; Kalinowska, M.; Zapora, E.; Wołkowycki, M.; Stocki, M.; Ciszkowicz, E.; Bocian, A.; Jaromin, M.; Tyrka, M.; Lecka-Szlachta, K.; et al. Bioactive Properties of Selected European Phellinus Species: A Comprehensive Study. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 8013. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26168013

AMA Style

Świderski G, Kalinowska M, Zapora E, Wołkowycki M, Stocki M, Ciszkowicz E, Bocian A, Jaromin M, Tyrka M, Lecka-Szlachta K, et al. Bioactive Properties of Selected European Phellinus Species: A Comprehensive Study. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(16):8013. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26168013

Chicago/Turabian Style

Świderski, Grzegorz, Monika Kalinowska, Ewa Zapora, Marek Wołkowycki, Marcin Stocki, Ewa Ciszkowicz, Aleksandra Bocian, Marcin Jaromin, Mirosław Tyrka, Katarzyna Lecka-Szlachta, and et al. 2025. "Bioactive Properties of Selected European Phellinus Species: A Comprehensive Study" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 16: 8013. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26168013

APA Style

Świderski, G., Kalinowska, M., Zapora, E., Wołkowycki, M., Stocki, M., Ciszkowicz, E., Bocian, A., Jaromin, M., Tyrka, M., Lecka-Szlachta, K., Wołejko, E., Wydro, U., Pawłowska, M., Golianek, P., Zawadzka, M., Ramshaj, Q., Girometta, C. E., & Karadelev, M. (2025). Bioactive Properties of Selected European Phellinus Species: A Comprehensive Study. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(16), 8013. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26168013

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