The Persistence of Cross-Reactive Immunity to Influenza B/Yamagata Neuraminidase Despite the Disappearance of the Lineage: Structural and Serological Evidence
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Results of Phylogenetic Analysis of Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase of Influenza B Viruses
2.2. Structural Changes and Enzymatic Activity of Neuraminidase of Influenza Viruses B/Victoria and B/Yamagata
2.3. Investigating the Presence of Antibodies Against Influenza Viruses of the B/Victoria and B/Yamagata Lineages in Archived Blood Samples from Patients Who Were Tested in 2023
2.4. Study of Antibodies to Influenza B Viruses After Vaccination with Seasonal Influenza Vaccines
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. In Silico Analysis
4.2. Cultivation of Viruses in Developing Chicken Embryos
4.3. Surveyed Contingents
4.4. Processing of Blood Serum
4.5. Setting up the Hemagglutination Inhibition Reaction (HI)
4.6. The Enzyme-Linked Lectin Assay (ELLA)
4.7. Microneutralization Test (MN)
4.8. Statistical Processing of Data
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
EID50/mL | 50% embryonic infectious dose |
ELLA | Enzyme-linked lectin assay |
GMT | The geometric mean titers |
HA | Hemagglutinin |
IAV | Influenza A viruses |
IBV | Influenza B viruses |
HAU | Hemagglutinating units |
IIV | Inactivated influenza vaccines |
LAIV | Live influenza vaccine |
NA | Neuraminidase |
NI | Neuraminidase inhibiting |
MN | Microneutralization |
OD | Optical density |
RDE | Receptor-destroying enzyme |
TMB | 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine |
TCID50 | 50% tissue culture infection dose |
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No. | Name | Origin of HA | Origin of NA |
---|---|---|---|
1 | H2NB-Brisbane | A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) | B/Brisbane/60/2008 (B/Victoria) |
2 | H2NB-Phuket | A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) | B/Phuket/3073/2013 (B/Yamagata) |
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Desheva, Y.; Kudar, P.; Sergeeva, M.; Wong, P.-F.; Shvedova, T.; Bazhenova, E.; Krylova, E.; Kurpiaeva, M.; Romanovskaya-Romanko, E.; Krivitskaya, V.; et al. The Persistence of Cross-Reactive Immunity to Influenza B/Yamagata Neuraminidase Despite the Disappearance of the Lineage: Structural and Serological Evidence. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 7476. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157476
Desheva Y, Kudar P, Sergeeva M, Wong P-F, Shvedova T, Bazhenova E, Krylova E, Kurpiaeva M, Romanovskaya-Romanko E, Krivitskaya V, et al. The Persistence of Cross-Reactive Immunity to Influenza B/Yamagata Neuraminidase Despite the Disappearance of the Lineage: Structural and Serological Evidence. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(15):7476. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157476
Chicago/Turabian StyleDesheva, Yulia, Polina Kudar, Maria Sergeeva, Pei-Fong Wong, Tamara Shvedova, Ekaterina Bazhenova, Evelyna Krylova, Maria Kurpiaeva, Ekaterina Romanovskaya-Romanko, Vera Krivitskaya, and et al. 2025. "The Persistence of Cross-Reactive Immunity to Influenza B/Yamagata Neuraminidase Despite the Disappearance of the Lineage: Structural and Serological Evidence" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 15: 7476. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157476
APA StyleDesheva, Y., Kudar, P., Sergeeva, M., Wong, P.-F., Shvedova, T., Bazhenova, E., Krylova, E., Kurpiaeva, M., Romanovskaya-Romanko, E., Krivitskaya, V., Kudria, K., Isakova-Sivak, I., & Stukova, M. (2025). The Persistence of Cross-Reactive Immunity to Influenza B/Yamagata Neuraminidase Despite the Disappearance of the Lineage: Structural and Serological Evidence. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(15), 7476. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157476