SGLT2 Inhibitors in Kidney Diseases—A Narrative Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. SGLT2 Inhibitors, Their Mechanism of Action, and Effects on Kidneys
3. Pleiotropic Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors
4. Evidence of the Efficiency of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Kidney Diseases
5. Conclusions, Future Perspectives, and Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Categories of AKI | Causes |
---|---|
Prerenal AKI | low blood volume, low blood pressure, heart failure, hepatorenal syndrome, and local alterations to the blood vessels supplying the kidney |
Renal AKI | glomerulonephritis, acute tubular necrosis (ATN), infections, acute interstitial nephritis, rhabdomyolysis, tumor lysis syndrome, inflammatory conditions, or the use of certain medications |
Postrenal AKI | benign prostatic hyperplasia, kidney stones, urethral obstruction, bladder stones, or tumors that restrict urine flow |
Study | Object of the Study | Main Findings | Positive Outcomes | Negative Outcomes | Uncertain Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wiviott et al. [68] | Cardiovascular effects of Dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes patients | Dapagliflozin reduces the risk of cardiovascular events | Reduction in cardiovascular risk | No improvement in glycemic control | Short follow-up period, potential for unmeasured confounders, dropout rate |
Neal et al. [69] | Cardiovascular and renal effects of Canagliflozin in type 2 diabetes patients | Canagliflozin reduces the risk of cardiovascular and renal events | Reduction in cardiovascular and renal risk | - | Potential for unmeasured confounders |
Heerspink et al. [67] | Renoprotective effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors | SGLT2 inhibitors show a beneficial effect on the kidneys | Kidney protection | - | Short follow-up period, potential for unmeasured confounders, small sample size |
Kohan et al. [71] | Long-term study of patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate renal impairment | Dapagliflozin reduces weight and blood pressure but does not improve glycemic control | Weight and blood pressure reduction | No improvement in glycemic control | Short follow-up period, potential for unmeasured confounders, small sample size |
McMurray et al. [77] | Effects of Dapagliflozin in patients with kidney disease, with and without heart failure | Dapagliflozin has beneficial effects on patients with kidney disease, with and without heart failure | Benefits for patients with kidney disease and/or heart failure | - | Short follow-up period, potential for unmeasured confounders, dropout rate |
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Gajewska, A.; Wasiak, J.; Sapeda, N.; Młynarska, E.; Rysz, J.; Franczyk, B. SGLT2 Inhibitors in Kidney Diseases—A Narrative Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 4959. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094959
Gajewska A, Wasiak J, Sapeda N, Młynarska E, Rysz J, Franczyk B. SGLT2 Inhibitors in Kidney Diseases—A Narrative Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(9):4959. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094959
Chicago/Turabian StyleGajewska, Agata, Jakub Wasiak, Natalia Sapeda, Ewelina Młynarska, Jacek Rysz, and Beata Franczyk. 2024. "SGLT2 Inhibitors in Kidney Diseases—A Narrative Review" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 9: 4959. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094959