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Article

The Evolution, Expression Patterns, and Domestication Selection Analysis of the Annexin Gene Family in the Barley Pan-Genome

by
Liqin Chen
1,†,
Kunxiang Chen
1,†,
Xi Xi
1,
Xianghong Du
2,
Xinyi Zou
2,
Yujia Ma
3,
Yingying Song
4,
Changquan Luo
5 and
Song Weining
1,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F Univesity, Xianyang 712100, China
2
College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
3
College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
4
College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
5
College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(7), 3883; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073883
Submission received: 22 February 2024 / Revised: 24 March 2024 / Accepted: 28 March 2024 / Published: 30 March 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wheat Genetics and Genomics 2.0)
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Abstract

Plant annexins constitute a conserved protein family that plays crucial roles in regulating plant growth and development, as well as in responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, a total of 144 annexin genes were identified in the barley pan-genome, comprising 12 reference genomes, including cultivated barley, landraces, and wild barley. Their chromosomal locations, physical–chemical characteristics, gene structures, conserved domains, and subcellular localizations were systematically analyzed to reveal the certain differences between wild and cultivated populations. Through a cis-acting element analysis, co-expression network, and large-scale transcriptome analysis, their involvement in growth, development, and responses to various stressors was highlighted. It is worth noting that HvMOREXann5 is only expressed in pistils and anthers, indicating its crucial role in reproductive development. Based on the resequencing data from 282 barley accessions worldwide, genetic variations in thefamily were investigated, and the results showed that 5 out of the 12 identified HvMOREXanns were affected by selection pressure. Genetic diversity and haplotype frequency showed notable reductions between wild and domesticated barley, suggesting that a genetic bottleneck occurred on the annexin family during the barley domestication process. Finally, qRT-PCR analysis confirmed the up-regulation of HvMOREXann7 under drought stress, along with significant differences between wild accessions and varieties. This study provides some insights into the genome organization and genetic characteristics of the annexin gene family in barley at the pan-genome level, which will contribute to better understanding its evolution and function in barley and other crops.
Keywords: barley pan-genome; annexin; expression profiles; domestication selection barley pan-genome; annexin; expression profiles; domestication selection

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, L.; Chen, K.; Xi, X.; Du, X.; Zou, X.; Ma, Y.; Song, Y.; Luo, C.; Weining, S. The Evolution, Expression Patterns, and Domestication Selection Analysis of the Annexin Gene Family in the Barley Pan-Genome. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 3883. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073883

AMA Style

Chen L, Chen K, Xi X, Du X, Zou X, Ma Y, Song Y, Luo C, Weining S. The Evolution, Expression Patterns, and Domestication Selection Analysis of the Annexin Gene Family in the Barley Pan-Genome. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(7):3883. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073883

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Liqin, Kunxiang Chen, Xi Xi, Xianghong Du, Xinyi Zou, Yujia Ma, Yingying Song, Changquan Luo, and Song Weining. 2024. "The Evolution, Expression Patterns, and Domestication Selection Analysis of the Annexin Gene Family in the Barley Pan-Genome" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 7: 3883. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073883

APA Style

Chen, L., Chen, K., Xi, X., Du, X., Zou, X., Ma, Y., Song, Y., Luo, C., & Weining, S. (2024). The Evolution, Expression Patterns, and Domestication Selection Analysis of the Annexin Gene Family in the Barley Pan-Genome. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(7), 3883. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073883

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