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Volume 25
Issue 19
10.3390/ijms251910319
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Review

An Overview of Bioactive Compounds’ Role in Modulating the Nrf2/Keap1/NF-κB Pathway to Alleviate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endometritis

by
Muhammad Zahoor Khan
1,*,
Wenting Chen
1,
Xiaotong Liu
1,
Xiyan Kou
1,
Adnan Khan
2,
Rahat Ullah Khan
3,
Muhammad Zahoor
4 and
Changfa Wang
1,*
1
College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 522000, China
2
Animal Genomics Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
3
CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
4
Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien, 90372 Oslo, Norway
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(19), 10319; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910319
Submission received: 15 August 2024 / Revised: 16 September 2024 / Accepted: 21 September 2024 / Published: 25 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Developmental Biology and Epigenetics in Female Reproduction and Disease)
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Abstract

Endometritis is a common inflammatory condition of the uterine endometrial lining that primarily affects perinatal dairy animals and causes significant economic losses in agriculture. It is usually triggered by pathogenic bacteria and is associated with chronic postpartum reproductive tract infections. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are known to increase levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and inflammation through the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and the inhibition of Nrf2 nuclear translocation, which regulates antioxidant response elements (AREs). The effectiveness of the conventional management strategy involving antibiotics is decreasing due to resistance and residual concerns. This review explores the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting the Nrf2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/NF-κB signaling pathway to alleviate LPS-induced endometritis. We discuss recent advancements in veterinary medicine that utilize exogenous antioxidants to modulate these pathways, thereby reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in endometrial cells. This review highlights the efficacy of several bioactive compounds that enhance Nrf2 signaling and suppress NF-κB activation, offering protective effects against oxidative damage and inflammation. By examining various in vitro studies, this review emphasizes the emerging role of these signaling pathways in developing new therapeutic strategies that could potentially replace or supplement traditional treatments and mitigate the economic impacts of endometritis in livestock.
Keywords: endometritis; Nrf2/Keap1/NF-κB signaling pathway; ROS; oxidative stress; inflammation; bioactive compounds endometritis; Nrf2/Keap1/NF-κB signaling pathway; ROS; oxidative stress; inflammation; bioactive compounds

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MDPI and ACS Style

Khan, M.Z.; Chen, W.; Liu, X.; Kou, X.; Khan, A.; Khan, R.U.; Zahoor, M.; Wang, C. An Overview of Bioactive Compounds’ Role in Modulating the Nrf2/Keap1/NF-κB Pathway to Alleviate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endometritis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 10319. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910319

AMA Style

Khan MZ, Chen W, Liu X, Kou X, Khan A, Khan RU, Zahoor M, Wang C. An Overview of Bioactive Compounds’ Role in Modulating the Nrf2/Keap1/NF-κB Pathway to Alleviate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endometritis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(19):10319. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910319

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khan, Muhammad Zahoor, Wenting Chen, Xiaotong Liu, Xiyan Kou, Adnan Khan, Rahat Ullah Khan, Muhammad Zahoor, and Changfa Wang. 2024. "An Overview of Bioactive Compounds’ Role in Modulating the Nrf2/Keap1/NF-κB Pathway to Alleviate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endometritis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 19: 10319. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910319

APA Style

Khan, M. Z., Chen, W., Liu, X., Kou, X., Khan, A., Khan, R. U., Zahoor, M., & Wang, C. (2024). An Overview of Bioactive Compounds’ Role in Modulating the Nrf2/Keap1/NF-κB Pathway to Alleviate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endometritis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(19), 10319. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910319

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