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Article

Association Study of CACNA1D, KCNJ11, KCNQ1, and CACNA1E Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

by
Juan Daniel Díaz-García
1,
Margarita Leyva-Leyva
2,
Fabiola Sánchez-Aguillón
2,
Mercedes Piedad de León-Bautista
3,4,
Abel Fuentes-Venegas
1,
Alfredo Torres-Viloria
1,
Erika Karina Tenorio-Aguirre
1,
Sara Luz Morales-Lázaro
5,6,
Angélica Olivo-Díaz
2 and
Ricardo González-Ramírez
2,6,*
1
División de Medicina Interna, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
2
Departamento de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
3
Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Vasco de Quiroga, Morelia 58090, Mexico
4
Laboratorio de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Genómica (INEX LAB), Morelia 58280, Mexico
5
División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
6
Centro de Investigación Sobre el Envejecimiento, CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14330, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(17), 9196; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179196
Submission received: 24 July 2024 / Revised: 16 August 2024 / Accepted: 22 August 2024 / Published: 24 August 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genes and Human Diseases 2.0)
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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex chronic disease characterized by decreased insulin secretion and the development of insulin resistance. Previous genome-wide association studies demonstrated that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present in genes coding for ion channels involved in insulin secretion increase the risk of developing this disease. We determined the association of 16 SNPs found in CACNA1D, KCNQ1, KCNJ11, and CACNA1E genes and the increased probability of developing T2DM. In this work, we performed a case-control study in 301 Mexican adults, including 201 cases with diabetes and 100 controls without diabetes. Our findings indicate a moderate association between T2DM and the C allele, and the C/C genotype of rs312480 within CACNA1D. The CAG haplotype surprisingly showed a protective effect, whereas the CAC and CGG haplotypes have a strong association with T2DM. The C allele and C/C genotype of rs5219 were significantly associated with diabetes. Also, an association was observed between diabetes and the A allele and the A/A genotype of rs3753737 and rs175338 in CACNA1E. The TGG and CGA haplotypes were also found to be significantly associated. The findings of this study indicate that the SNPs examined could serve as a potential diagnostic tool and contribute to the susceptibility of the Mexican population to this disease.
Keywords: KCNQ1; KCNJ11; CACNA1D; CACNA1E; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP); association study KCNQ1; KCNJ11; CACNA1D; CACNA1E; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP); association study

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MDPI and ACS Style

Díaz-García, J.D.; Leyva-Leyva, M.; Sánchez-Aguillón, F.; de León-Bautista, M.P.; Fuentes-Venegas, A.; Torres-Viloria, A.; Tenorio-Aguirre, E.K.; Morales-Lázaro, S.L.; Olivo-Díaz, A.; González-Ramírez, R. Association Study of CACNA1D, KCNJ11, KCNQ1, and CACNA1E Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9196. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179196

AMA Style

Díaz-García JD, Leyva-Leyva M, Sánchez-Aguillón F, de León-Bautista MP, Fuentes-Venegas A, Torres-Viloria A, Tenorio-Aguirre EK, Morales-Lázaro SL, Olivo-Díaz A, González-Ramírez R. Association Study of CACNA1D, KCNJ11, KCNQ1, and CACNA1E Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(17):9196. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179196

Chicago/Turabian Style

Díaz-García, Juan Daniel, Margarita Leyva-Leyva, Fabiola Sánchez-Aguillón, Mercedes Piedad de León-Bautista, Abel Fuentes-Venegas, Alfredo Torres-Viloria, Erika Karina Tenorio-Aguirre, Sara Luz Morales-Lázaro, Angélica Olivo-Díaz, and Ricardo González-Ramírez. 2024. "Association Study of CACNA1D, KCNJ11, KCNQ1, and CACNA1E Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 17: 9196. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179196

APA Style

Díaz-García, J. D., Leyva-Leyva, M., Sánchez-Aguillón, F., de León-Bautista, M. P., Fuentes-Venegas, A., Torres-Viloria, A., Tenorio-Aguirre, E. K., Morales-Lázaro, S. L., Olivo-Díaz, A., & González-Ramírez, R. (2024). Association Study of CACNA1D, KCNJ11, KCNQ1, and CACNA1E Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(17), 9196. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179196

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